Ecology: Petroleum and Caspian Sea

People from ancient times has an tinge on the environment. As a result, this versatile centuries of human activity has remaining a deep mark on modern soil and vegetation, parentage and drinking ( peeing) environment and wildlife. Man depletes non-renewable inwrought resources and holy terrorens the production of those items that could be renewed. It changes the nature of the environment, upon which his physical and mental existence as biological and friendly phenomenon. environmental befoulment is becoming more acute, alarming.Barbarous, destructive attitude of the exchange departments of inborn resources of Kazakhstan led 70-90. To the environmental crisis in the country, take in some regions of the harmful nature. One of the toughest environmental problems is the radioactive contamination of the territory of Kazakhstan. Nuclear tests conducted since 1949 at the Semipalatinsk test site resulted in contamination of vast territories in central and eastern Kazakhstan. The c ountry has had five landfills, where nuclear tests were conducted in the vicinity of its borders is a Chinese Lop Nor test site. Radiation background in Kazakhstan increase as a result of the formation of ozone holes in spacecraft transmit from the Baikonur.Huge challenge for Kazakhstan of the radioactive looseness. Thus, UMP Factory has amassed about 100,000 scores of waste contaminated with uranium, thorium, and waste storage facility located in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. In Kazakhstan there are only 3 memorial for nuclear waste and they are all located in the aquifer. That earnestness of the problem of radioactive contamination has led to one of the first laws of self-governing Kazakhstan was the decree of 30. 08. 1991, the banning of tests at the Semipalatinsk test site. One of the most in effect(p) environmental problems of Kazakhstan became the depletion of weewee resources.Increased consumption of fresh water, primarily for irrigated culture led to salinization and depletion of internal water sources. Particularly disastrous was the shallowing of the Aral ocean over callable to irrational use of water Amu Darya and Syr Darya. The sea level dropped by 13 meters, who uncovered the seabed turned into a salt desert. The annual diffuse storms spread the salt on the vast territory of Eurasia. The decrease mirrors the sea has led to a change in wind direction and climatical characteristics of the region.A similar situation exists in Lake Balkhash, the level of which is 10-15 years reprehensible by 2. -3 meters. At the same time, the rise of the Caspian Sea, caused by ill-conceived finis stripping the Gulf of Kara-Bogazgol. Already flooded huge areas of coastal feed areas and promising oil-bearing areas. Zyryanovsk lead and Leninogorsk polymetallic complexes have led to contamination of the Irtysh. grand environmental situation prevailing in the valley of the rivers Ili and the Urals. In the fine condition of the land resources of Kazakhstan , depleted fertile arable land, pasture becomes desert. remains a serious problem of air contamination, especially in striking industrial centers.National priority in the Strategy 2030 RK include environmental safety, rational use of natural resources, environmental well-being of citizens and some of the problems of social ecology. Reaction to the first environmental crises and catastrophes was expressed in the Environment routine of 1997. The problem of ecology and conservation is rational and planned use of natural resources, protect the environment from pollution is a planned system of suppose control, international and public events aimed at the rational use, protection and restoration of natural resources, the satisfaction of material and cultural needs of future generations.National environmental issues Zones of ecological adventure in the Republic of Kazakhstan to continue to be the Aral Sea and Semipalatinsk regions, where there have been destroying the natural ecolog ical systems, degradation of flora and fauna, due to unfavorable environmental conditions caused substantial harm to public health. Currently, the regions adjacent to the condition Semipalatinsk test site (85 settlements with a population of almost 72 thou people), there is a high level of cancer incidence and mortality, cardiovascular diseases, congenital malformations among newborns and the effects of premature aging.In the Aral Sea ecological disaster zone (178 settlements with a population of 186 thousand people) has a high level of gastrointestinal diseases and anemia, especially among women and children, infant mortality and birth defects. Depletion and pollution of water resources, and TZ problems associated with intensive development of resources of the Caspian Sea. Kazakhstan belongs to the category of countries with a large deficit of water resources. Currently, water bodies are colly heavily in mining, metallurgical and chemical industries, utilities and cities repres ent a real environmental threat.Of the rivers of southern Kazakhstan the most polluted Badam and Talas. In Badam discharged wastewater Shymkent Oil-GIRO industrial complex in Talas waste water of sugar and alcohol plants. Near Taraz sewage plant primal processing of wool, leather and shoe factory and other enterprises polluted Talas Assinskoe country of groundwater, which is the only source of water supply the city of Taraz. Continuing pollution channel Talas-Asse and surrounding areas from sewage Taraz phosphorus plant.Wastewater Karaganda synthetic safe plant, mercury-containing contaminated river Nura and Nurinskoe reservoir. Mercury-contaminated stream, and the Nura River, used for water supply and livestock watering. Water pollution has reached such proportions that in the basins of several rivers breached natural biological and hydro chemical regimes. painful pollution are Syr Darya, Lake Balkhash, etc. The main pollutants of water sources are ferrous and nonferrous meta llurgy, petroleum and chemical industries, waste water which significantly increases the water issue of harmful substances.Transboundary environmental problems pose a real external threat to the ecological security of the country, a decision which is provided with modern actions of neighboring states in the framework of international treaties. In early 2003, Kazakhstan joined the Bazilskoy Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their disposal, which allowed to establish new customs regulations on the answer of hazardous wastes and prevent their subsequent flow into the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan infra the guise of recycled materials and products.