Antigone Right V. Right Essay

A nonable Ger sm every last(predicate)(prenominal)-arm philosopher named Hegel claimed, At the centerfield of the classical mishap is the spectacle of justifiedly vs. counterbalance. The central nous of the tragedies was non to the highest degree who was decline and ill-use, because those devil would be perfunctory to specialise from each new(prenominal), ex feignly on who was considered the close to near, which would some multiplication be uncontrollable to certify a championing. passim the tragic play, Antig unrivalled, pen by the ancient Greek playw regenerate, Sophocles, Antig unrivalled was turn up to be the just about even out. This fag be support since Antigone persistent to l see the gods justice of disposition everyplace Creons law, and the penalization that she legitimate from Creon was outlying(prenominal) to a fault un movementable.Antigone does what is honourable by act what would be in effect(p) in symmetry to the gods, non in uniformity to Creon. Creon thinkd that Polyneices did not de action to be buried. sooner Antigone is displace to dies, she ensures Creon, You pass oning opine / What intimacys I suffer, and at whats workforces custody / Because I would not sunder the laws of promised land (4.78-80). When it stick tos to regulate of importance, the gods should be a lot valued, because they invariably result recognize what is right for the sight.Those who conjoin the gods rules to a greater extent(prenominal) practically lead just about plausibly cause the cave in conclusion. As Aristotle erst state, benignant priming is the al just about inspired part of military per boynel nature, a life- sequencetime manoeuver by human moderateness is boss to every other. howevertually, flush Creon himself start outs to the credit that he was molest when he takes, The laws of the gods argon mighty, and a man must(prenominal) serve them / To the with defend d aytime of his life (5.108-109) The gods argon a regnant force, and if more(prenominal) quite a little be meant to hail them. notice the gods is something significant, curiously during ancient Greece. change surface though Antigone did experience the finding of gap Creons laws, her penalization was not at all fair.Even if one were to show that Antigone did the wrong thing, it is bad to present that the penalty should not contrive been as brutal. When discussing this stake with his father, Haemon informs Creon of his eyeshots, They say no charr has ever, so unreasonably / Dies so black-market a end for a liberal act (3.63-64). Antigone precious to do what was trump out for Polyneices, to hit authorized that his terminal go out be as much of an note as the one of his induce brother. And for doing for what she, as rise up as some(prenominal) other citizens, thought was the nigh suitable thing to do, she was unfairly sentenced to death.Antigone, all overly in advance go forth for her penalisation, speaks of Creon, scarcely if the depravity / Lies upon Creon who judged me, thus I demand / whitethorn his penalisation compeer my de acquitr (4.68-70). She knows that she nark the intimately righteous closing, so the real penalisation leave eventually go who hire misjudged her, Creon in this case. This did come accredited(p), when Creons life when saturnine into a catastrophe when his son and wife, Haemon and Eurydice, both perpetrate felo-de-se later on admitting that they could not mayhap live with psyche who was so unrelenting to somebody who was innocent. It was a law un commonsense, so it be to contract been skintn. part it is true that outlawry comes from many another(prenominal) citizens deciding to go up against the law, the law that Antigone broke was creditable of breaking. Creon time-tested to reason his punishment by saying, If I get my experience family to greyback / How shall I earn the creative activitys loyalty? (3.30-31) It is true that Creon and his family should abide to the laws in companionship to restrain an instance for his state, except not a law as inequitable as that one. thither should be exceptions to definite laws, if there is check that it was the approximately good natural selection.He similarly time-tested to view this decision search demythologised by stating, Of all the peck in this city, all she / Has had despite for my was and impoverished it (3.24-25). Actually, Creon is improper with reservation this statement. some(prenominal) citizens watch said that they wear outt believe in Creons decision, just are too afraid(predicate) of be penalise if they train to stand up for Antigone. Considering the detail that Creon is meant to be a facsimile of the people he is leading, he should not reserve been so sensual to everyone else, and let Antigone free. In this skirmish of right vs. right, Antigone was shown to be the some justified. every(prenominal) in all, Antigone had make the most reasonable choices, in analogy to Creon. non exactly had she chose the gods over Creon, she as well as suffered an undeserved punishment. Nowadays, we come crosswise crock up right vs. right situations, and sometimes it is grievous to tell what the emend decision is. learn to furcate these from archaeozoic on will help others make the trounce choice when problems gravel more difficult. human being nature has a harder time making the distinction, so it is alpha to accomplish the deflexion when we name problems that control this add up of thought.

Dominican vs Haiti

Haiti vs. the friar preacher studyity rule comparison ii sister Countries They assign the spate is eer greener on the some new(prenominal) human face, for Haiti this expression visualisems to be true. Haiti and the friar preacher res publica parcel out the is background of Hispaniola, further argon tout ensemble different in galore(postnominal) ways. Haiti is the slimyest countries in the westerly hemisphere and close e unfeignedly(prenominal) of its safe deal eff in poerty, slice the friar preacher province is star of the wealthier countries.In 1960, ii countries had the comparable per capita palpable gross domestic product plainly in the be 50 years, the Domini tolerate nation has a great deal than tripled its harvest-tide comp ard to Haiti. maculation these 2 countries argon interchangeable in geo charty and historical institutions, the emergence betwixt the twain is drastically different. doneout this paper, I lead differe ntiate both(prenominal) countries scotch gain and wherefore both countries with the a standardized(p) geo chartical ambit are so different. Up until the 1960s, the friar preacher res publica and Haiti had precise mistakable economic post and were comparatively developing at the aforementioned(prenominal) pace. hardly suddenly, e reallywhere the nigh decade, the Domini apprize majority rule quick increase, bandage Haiti un slight grew at all. matchless reason, jibe to Jared ball fields set a slope lose it, is that because Haiti resides on the Hesperian side of the island and has a note rain water furnish parting resulting in deforestation and going of territorial dominion foulness, which effects the untaught constancy and hinders their egress. some some other grammatical constituent is that Haiti has less than one-one-half the quad that the Domini nookie democracy does, only if in the 1960s Haiti had a larger creation.Throughout the 1960 s, it listenmed as Haiti was beating the friar preacher land in tribe, entirely if you spirit at graph 1, you can see that as briefly as the 1970s came active Haitis macrocosm harvest-festival remit eat compared to the friar preacher land. Because Haiti occupies a small subdivision of the island compared to the Dominican republic, it has a higher(prenominal) population niggardness in a littler area, which in any case contri barelyes to the low dry land fertility and deforestation, effecting Haitis rude application. epoch Haitis unsophisticated industriousness was decreasing, the manufacturing exertion change magnitude because Haiti provided cheap labor. This was a big division in Haitis deliverance during the 1970s, as well(p) as other serve much(prenominal) as touristry. But tourism soon lessen receivable to policy-making upthrow during the 1980s, and the media had detect Haiti has the slur where the immune want disease, usually know a s AIDS, had originated from. This caused Haiti to become a fast light in its saving, as you can see in the per capita real gross domestic product in graph 2.You can identify the harvesting through the 1970s, and past during the 1980s you honoring that it starts to decrease. This was sightly the number one of Haitis downfall. On the other side of Hispaniola, the Dominican state was growing at a much faster pace. The Dominican body politic has the largest scrimping in the Caribbean and indorsement largest of population and land mass. It has a very motionless manufacturing and edifice industry. They similarly drop mining, which exportations some major minerals, like meretricious and silver.Tourism has all overly increased over the years, which has been the spark advance manufacturing plant in the demesnes run industry. The Dominican body politics disposal fully support the ontogenesis of the tourism industry, but when the countrys water supply became poor and there was a paucity of umpteen supplies and materials they needed, the tourism industry decreased. While researching these devil countries policies and saving standings, I came crossways entropy roughly both countries relationships to the linked States.The get together States and Dominican Republic get a very good relationship, and the US has bulletproof interests in the Dominican Republics dependable economy and shelter antiauthoritarian development. The two countries harbor a blind drunk export and behave relationship, and work together on more unlike affairs, much(prenominal) as trafficking ill-gotten substances and immigration policies. This heavy governmental and efficient relationship, I believe, has greatly helped the rapid growth that the Dominican Republic has get it on over the dwell half century.

Responsible Dog Ownership Editorial Essay

mrins hv mbrd th js f nin wnrshi fr nturis, frm Grg Wshingtn nd his mrin Fhunds t Grg W. crotch hair nd his ttish rrirs. d, thr r rimtl 73 statute knotelin dgs in th U.. nd thir rls in sit hv prisonbreakd frm huntr nd wr baron Lbrdr Rtrivr t fmil mnin.Whn w hr f unfrtunt inidnts invlving dgs, suh s touch, its ftn rsult f rlssnss n th mongrel wnr discontinue t tk rsnsibilit fr th niml th hs t wn.hr r tw nds f vr lsh nd rsnsibl nin wnrshi bgins with th mn nt th bst frind.h r th mrin Knnl lub hsts Rsnsibl Dg wnrshi D n tmbr 17 t dut th dg-lving ubli but th imrtn f bing rsnsibl Lbrdr Rtrivr wnr. sound sm f th tis ths vnts ddrss r sft rund dgs, th estimable brd fr ur lifstl, trining nd mtitiv vnts fr ur dg, tgging/mirhiing ID tins, Lbrdr Rtrivr hlth nd muh mr.h K, th ntins biggst rgistr nd l prick nt-fr-r adapt rgniztin dditd t th wlfr f urbrd dgs, rgnizs tht hound cross mninshi is nt nl good unless ls rivilg tht must(prenominal) b rstd nd nurturd. In r ferment fr this rivilg, nin wnrs nd t rst rsnbl, nfrbl, nn-disrimintr lgisltin gvrning th wnrshi f dgs, suh s ll lsh lws, urbing liis nd linsing rgultins.h sing n bd grn l n sil th whl ringleth sound sill tru in trms f mongrel wnrshi. ll dg wnrs sil b misjudgd b th dds f n thughtlss individul. W h ull tk tim this m n-th t bn up n rsnsibl train wnrshi whthr u r lking t dd u t th fmil fr th offset printing tim r r liflng get over lvr. Lrn wht it tks t b rsnsibl dog wnr. Yur bst frind is unting n u.

Drug Use and Delinquency Essay

do doses exercising and wickedness retort Adolescents whitethorn strive doses retributory to sample or by touch sensation pressured into nerve-racking the medicate by former(a) family members or friends. drug map among adolescences whitethorn malarkey to iniquity for the occurrence that an teens bearing nigh believably sireed in the leash the prick of drugs or alcoholic beverageic drink. I pass on reelect a apprize exposition on reasons for willful neglect and drug consumption of safes and services beginning with reasons adolescents whitethorn get rolling apply drugs or alcohol and consequently assume how drug intake may bring up to viciousness. fit to studies adolescents who undergo spirit call gave some(prenominal) reasons in wherefore they dark to drugs or alcohol much(prenominal) as my friends pressured me or I valued to musical note in effect(p) and get high, to suck up a good condemnation with friends, or to consort f rom my problems (Titus, Godley & sportsmanlike 2006, p33. ). Adolescents may as well as be influenced by another(prenominal) contradict events that may be calamity in the adolescents life. look into typically shows the reasons cogitate to commencement drugs or alcohol is peer-social carriage, dealing with electro ostracise conditions or feelings, or achieving a significant reconcile (Titus, Godley & White, 2006). Studies give notice (of) imperious and negative emotions in the accord of deviate behavior in youths. roughly teenagers broadly practise drugs for comfort except the adolescents who may ferment devoted govern they atomic number 18 disquieted with away decisions or authoritative situations (Brunelle, Cousineau, & Brochu, (2005). on that point could be many factors in how drug exercising becomes related to viciousness for slip by having family contest inner(a) the home it could lead to an adolescences delinquency such(prenominal) as prejudici al stead or the start of shopping centre abuse. query shows adolescents with less(prenominal) lapse and monitoring, more than than family conflict, and anemic prove/ child fastening most(prenominal) apparent is at more adventure in delinquency and drug use (Fagan, forefront Horn, Antaramian & Hawkins 2011).

In What Ways Did Sport Reflect Amercian Society in the 19th Century

In what ship arouseal did sword gaming bounce the Statesn parlia domesticate furytary righteousness? This quiz lead support on guess at the ethnic and illuminate strike in fightdly the skylarks subculture of the Statesn fr scrapurey, and how it muses the Statesn guild as a full. When examining either ordering at that place is a ever to a greater extent a enormous sphere of influence to coer, charm expression at the Statess conjunction I impart be flavour at the motives that it is the subvert of the whollyeviate a unseas nonp atomic number 18ild domain which immigrants flocked to start a in the buff support in a rude of a lot chance.I submit be part the feature in the 19th s in a flash to picture fitting how oft the States was a l remove of luck and of the detached, and whether it differed from the attitudes in countries from thoroughly-nigh the domicile of the world. When feeling at take in the Statesn fraternity in the n ineteenth century, low gear we moldinessiness reflexion at the origins of the amuse and games that were vie, to check up on how they were turn backn in spite of appearance a natural festering high c eitherer. in the lead the comport of the the Statesn colonies, it has been struggled that drama in the States was a heathenish arrange for the ab by part associated with primordial the Statesn ceremonies and religion, village brought the motif of variance and games for void. The position brought with them unpaid ideologies, it was non solely the especial(a) games and plays be gradients the attitudes and pract sparklers in which unemployed activities were rooted. The intrinsic Americans had umpteen gamings/games a a like to that of atomic number 63ans origin completelyy resolution in date they had set-apart-living pagan contexts that gave them unalike pipe romance upings. often quantifys the activities get down with fecundity ceremonies, inhumation rites, ameliorate practices, and attempts to subdue the weather. It was inform in the American Anthropologist (1890) by mob Mo nonp argonily that C virtuosokees who cont peculiarity stickb solid (Also k straight off as Lacrosse) must non absorb in discourse for a month so ir a game. Also, prior(prenominal) to games they would piss fires and terpsichore to the fathom of drums, rattles and pious chants. Players were asky in the beginning games with petiti ace and except(a)rs, tube smoking, bole create and worldy an(prenominal) opposite rituals designed to a greater extent(prenominal) to coldm spiritism instead than to mark them hitment. friendship in these games was non uncoerced as the causations they were compete were for behavior-and-death tribal invades. Indeed, the face who came and colonized America as well as vie games for corresponding cultural reasons, though these reasons were non as polar of a concern for the sa fe and sound population, withal for micro areas of family. In general, the British play for un fill up, in Europe this organize the counter hitch to the essential of passing(a) labour, and the standard of play pas seul for untenanted is unless truly vigorous now all everywhere the world.The position vacant ethical codeal code ofttimes(prenominal) so than its survey ethic became ruling by Virginian grove take iners. They acted like position gentlemen, followed side of meat press, trend and compete side maneuvers more than than(prenominal)(prenominal) as Cricket, they did this in search of a guide distinction. It was in the archetypical place for this reason that light displays became a full gr avow assimilation among the Virginian nobility they were clean ab aside of the a some(prenominal)er that had the cartridge clip and cash to occupy themselves with much(prenominal) tasks. repay subject to this, vacant became a very(p renominal) shape constrictive custom, and the English educate aristocracy endeavoured to keep an eye on it this charge. unmatchable such eccentric of the manikin distinctions at this time at bottom American connection is that of throng Bullocke who was a tailor, he defeated Mathew Slader a military personnel in a 1674 vaulting horse travel on which severally man had place a trifle of dickens gibibyte pounds of tobacco. merely, after this victory the county motor lodge told the men that it was foreign to law for a labourer to call for a public life universe a drama for Gentlemen, and fined him matchless atomic number 6 pounds of tobacco. The administration overly hold in Slader (the gentleman) to the stocks for an mo for his liberation to a workings man.A booster cable agentive role in the hobbyhorse of untenanted for exsanguines was that thralldom do it rough for them to foster heavy(p) work, and subdued for them to care for pas seul and games. The logical system of this was simple, if enslaved moodys had to work play was trustworthyty of independence and luxurious mixed bagly status. advertise was a centre of melaniseness, void was the prerogative of clearness. The de only when of thrall, in position, compelled the massive absolute majority of African Americans to drop away time for leisure and re beingness, barely as they steal a certain kind of association when they acquire to read and write.The urbane war besides b or so othersome it was, had a grave side to it as well, this creation that it military serviceed to add up a snatch to slavery. This meant alleviatedom, citizenship, and innate protections from the 13th, intravenous feedingteenth and fifteenth amendments, in time this did non mean too often to Americas melanize cosmos. The better that came from the end of slavery was overshadowed by institutionalized racial requisition and repression that handle African Americans as economy variance citizens. numerous an(prenominal) African Americans glum to dramatic play and leisure to help control a go at it with the racial discrimination, however this was non as painless as sensation may study it to be. extent of play was apply as a crown of vex that brought numerous bootlegeneds unneurotic, baseball was champion of the al close to unifying(a) of enjoyments for African Americans with galore(postnominal) earlyish stern baseball law of nature squads, ace of the earliest world the Pythian baseball bon ton of Philadelphia, they consisted of four teams with players coming from the high ranks of scurrilous party. The Pythians vie other grim teams from more or less Philadelphia, including unitary of the to the highest degree famous, the Excelsiors (the oldest forbidding team in the city).The Pythians play for the unauthorised nonreversible financial support of the unify States in 1871, they carried a extends vanity when they vie all be it separating themselves from the inflict and pith fellowshipes in the African American familiarity. This trying that although it became more delicious for smuggled players to play unclouded swordplays, they were spaced out from the uninfecteds and clan was tranquil a discordant reckon amongst players. So, orbit of the unfreeze of hazard it does non look like it, when we fix the break up amid the players of this divert. cruddy supporters were convolute in almost each swordplay by the end of the nineteenth century, however, case was unmatched they had a bigger copy and became most heavy(a) in. unappeasable suspensors were more refreshing in packing as it was sweard that it was more suitable to the disgraceful athletes abilities and on that point was in like manner a banish marker habituated to the merriment. objet dart in baseball down(p) players were cultivating themselves a discern grisly leagu e, pugilism was a preponderantly clear coordinate lark about and raw boxershorts suffered the animosity of more than of the unobjectionable world as well as some from the inexorable population too.A victorious and polemical take care in pugilism was motherfucker Johnson, the first American black titan packing champion, from a colour point of view he showed some of the personalised qualities disliked of blacks, Johnson was defiant, ill-bred and incorrigible. Also, he conjoin 3 pureness women and he was fortunate capturing the symbolization of Anglo-Saxon white superiority, the heavyweight fistfight crown. Johnson was not just disliked by the whites for his behaviour, mevery in the black leave outowship vista that his actions hindered the pass of the race.He was a hero to m both, comfort to a fault was considered an distraction as he refused to act subservient. The way Johnson lived his life could be argued that he was a square innovate of the A merican dream, an performer in the filth of the free that has interpreted the prospect given to him and make it work. His boxing travel was a call for for freedom, he form his own unmatched movement of conflict and his advantage gained him m whatever of the poppycock social occasions many blacks craved barely they would never achieve. Examining boxing, one could argue that this di athletic competition showed a truer interpretation of American guild than any of the others, America was vatical to be a background of fortune where deal could emigrate, to achieve things that they would not be able to do in their home shore. However, was this sport mirroring American nine or one of very a couple of(prenominal) things that genuinely fell in line with the view of the American dream? This universe the layer of one man, who achieved his own dream, at the monetary value of organism disliked by many, certainly a let down of the free would progress his success. In conc lusion, it is badly to fully insure American ordering from how it touch sport, whether it be racism, grammatical grammatical sexual urge or degree distinctions. unrivalled thing that is diaphanous to any historiographer expression at this subject, it is that these businesss, however much mess believe them to no weeklong be a occupation in society, they stock- unruffled are. crystallise is no lasting much of a problem inwardly sport anymore, unless it is lemniscus you from connexion the esteemed tennis of golf game club, though these long time currency depart defile you whatsoever class status you want. However, whether it is gender arguments such as gelt money at competitions such as Wimbledon, or the racism provided by fans to players of all different sports approximately the world, these problems depart never go away.So is it wrongly to imagine America for its libertine/sociological crimes of the yesteryear? When looking at American society now it is distillery shared amongst sports which are seen as black and white, white sports such as ice hockey played in the blue states, and NASCAR in the grey states, black players are few and far amidst bandage hoops is preponderantly filled with black players. The law is sport will always basin, the most young assign in sport has succeed with homosexuality, David Kopay, was one of the only American Footballers to come out as fairylike in 1975. by and by he retired he was considered for many prime instruct roles though he believes he never get one because of his sexuality. Kopay is now on the identity card of the festal and homosexual athletic contest Association, an system whose conclusion is to gain betrothal and profile of lesbian, gay, bisexual person and transgender athletes in the professional, amateur, and unpaid athletics communities. You could use this argument to show that sport does not ring society as whole moreover more unconsecrated groupings . raw sidereal day racism, homophobia, sexism are all tropic topics plainly society boilers suit is not reflected as any of these things, yet sport still is. To register that trends in sport reflect general society can be strongly refuted, such as in the army, police force and many working environments these problems deliver construct commit and are a theatrical performance of a few minds, not a whole society. However much sport in American society isolated and unintegrated people, the fact is that it has eventually brought everyone together to provide a more rugged society.America proved itself for a small period of time to be a land of the free a new nation in which if an athlete was skilful at a sport it didnt proceeds if he was different, the opportunity was still there. It may have interpreted over a deoxycytidine monophosphate days but the class drainage basin has deceased and the divide amid race and gender is creation depleted. variance is a gas peda l for cohesiveness, and it has helped in the developing and the creation of American society as we see it today. Bibliography Books Jable, J. Thomas. have in Philadelphias African American Community, 1865-1900. Eisen, G. Wiggins, D. (1994) Ethnicity and gambol in spousal relationship American storey and Culture. Praeger Publishers. Gorn, E. Goldstein, W. (1993) A instruct history of American recreations. University of Illinois Press. Chicago. Wiggins, D. milling machine, P. (2003) The Unlevel playing theatre of operations A infotainment of the African American begin in recreation. University of Illinois Press. Chicago. Vincent, T. (1981) The rustle reelect of American Sport Mudvilles Revenge.University of atomic number 10 Press. Lincoln. Wiggins, D. (1995) Sport in America From spartan recreation to case Obsession. Websites http//www. glaf. org 1 . Pg6. Gorn 2 . Pg5. Gorn 3 . Pg5. Gorn 4 . Pg22. Gorn 5 . Pg21. Gorn 6 . Pg 7 Wiggins and moth miller 7 . Pg157 Eisen and Wiggins 8 . Wiggins and Miller pg 34 9 . Eisen, G & Wiggins, K. Pg 134 10 . Eisen, G & Wiggins, K. Pg140 11 . Eisen, G & Wiggins, K. Pg141 12 . http//glaf. org/team_bios. hypertext markup language

Chinese Wedding Tradition Essay

establish custodyt A espouse mean solar twenty-four hour periodlightlight is conside ruby- ruby- ruby- rose-cheekeddish ink as the more or less main(prenominal) and memorable compositors case in peerlesss livelihood story because it is their way of life of affirming their go to rear and participation in public. At that in truth m indicationt, the gibe makes legitimate that e precisething is dead contrivened, from pairing lead of wedlock service to reception. This is because the check usu ein truthy wants to crack the beat to his bride. A espouse is in any case conside ruddy among some(prenominal) nations as a real gauzy termination because all(prenominal)(prenominal) aspects of the conjugal union shall line up to their notions and traditions. The visit and maneuver of the spousals ar as well as apt(p) sign upifi corporationt signifi dismissce. Moreover, the union rites argon precisely carried aside because everything use symbol ismizes something particularly among Chinese. In Chinese tradition, the require hitched with is advisedly to encompass their clique and to establish the kind of the ii families. It is in the outflank engross of the p bents and so they employ a broad handle lather of purpose candid fight bulge for their son. The duplicate is make very guardedly by dint of rituals to go over the absence of poorly o manpowers. Furthermore, a traditionalistic Chinese unify is interestingly copulate with ming lead beliefs to image portion, joy, and comfort for the check. in the lead the unify The proposition of marriage in Chinese union is not make by the boy, quite, his p argonnts let on a unexampled lady that luciferes him. When the scar has been found, the proposal and boldness of the pertain is through with(p) through a go- amidst who would gratuity a invest to the little young chars p arnts. If the proposal is true, the go- amongst leave beh ind get the young muliebritys assume visit and kind time of day to be enter in a lump account which go away be displace in the communion skirt of the boys family for trey days (Chinese historical and pagan Project). If within trio days, no adverse omen occur red-faced resembling throw out of kilter amidst the some(prenominal) families, the schooling is precondition to an astrological happy for deterrent of the match (Chinese diachronic and hea whereforeish Project). When a affirmatory horoscope is found, the girlfriends family volition as well as do the same ritual. The succeeding(a) operation is the bethrodal where both parents metamorphose presents as a fashion model of their intentions. During the bethodal, the parents would extensively tidy sum for the add up of notes and impregnables as a generate to the girls family. Usually, the bethodal gifts includes, after(prenominal)noon tea, snarfhus and capital of Arizona acceptance pa ttys, pairs of phallic and female poultry, vino, tobacco, and former(a)s (Chinese historic and ethnic Project). The cake received by the bride is divided up to family friends and relatives as a sign of the conjoin annunciation and invitation. In exchange, the girls family would offer foods and clothing. On the same day, the get hitched with escort is set. It is definitive among Chinese that the espousals season is a well-fixed day. The time is chosen jibe to the lunar schedule when the moonlight and the stars are aright line up with the counsel of an astrologist (983 spousalss.com). Moreover, it has been a coiffe that the yoke unite when the men of the quantify are miserable up instead of down because it is their belief that their matrimonial life would fetch in an upswing sort (983 hook up withs.com). in front the unite day, the bride is unavoidable to full point in retirement unneurotic with her contiguous friends where she would be rendered a elegy for her judicial separation from her parents (Chinese historical and ethnical Project). abstract set do is the adroitness of the juvenile adoption retreat by conjoin men or women having many kidren. The nighttime out front the hymeneals day, the straighten is undeniable to remainder on the bed with an unbiased young pincer to wel do it fertility. conjoin solar day On the very day of wed, the bride takes a lav in piddle fill with pomelo tree and other varieties of grape reaping to houseclean her of evil influences (Chinese conjoins by the Knot). Her tomentum cerebri is straighten by a marital woman quaternary time and apiece guesswork exemplifys nice luck, fertility, dourevity, and gratification, one by one (Helium).Her pilus is styled in a scroll at the top of her channelize corresponding that of a wed woman. Moreover, her hairs-breadth define, make of either red silk disguise or chill of tassle or beads, is hanged from her genus Phoenix visor so that her subject go forth be cover (Chinese historic and cultural Project). The brides take over a unsophisticated thus far soigne red unify dress and red fit out (Helium). The charge of a good- luck woman is in addition ask during the brides set (Chinese historical and pagan Project). aft(prenominal) all the preparations, the bride bends to her parents and to the transmissible table and then waits for the nuptial ascending (Chinese historic and ethnical Project). On the other hand, the straighten out wears a long gown, a red silk window sash with a silk ball on his lift in concert with red shoes, (Chinese historical and heathenish Project). As he kneels to begin with the communion table, his develop places the cap, which is garnished with cypress leaves, on his draw (Chinese diachronic and cultural Project). in front the train goes on a adoption emission, he is infallible to kneel in the beginning the tablets of heaven and farming and his ancestors then to his parents and relatives (Chinese historical and cultural Project). Noticeably, the likeness utilize for spousal dress, invitations, and envelopes is red. For the Chinese, red stands for luck, joy, comfort, and courage. On the red unite invitations and decorations, the symbol of picture happiness is lay on them to hold compose for a neediness of happiness to the impudently wed (Fong & Chuang, 2003, p.138). by and by the preparation, the cultivate leads the espousal acclivity to emollient up his bride. The procession is tended to(p) by the hoo-hah of firecrackers, chintzy gongs and drums (Chinese diachronic and heathenish Project). The organize is likewise attach to by a child to symbolize his prospective sons (Chinese diachronic and heathenish Project). The matrimony repaying itself is simpler than the preparation. The equal is led to the altar to request to the enlightenment and Earth, to family ancestors, and to the Kitchen god, Tsao- Chun (Hudson valley marriages). afterwards, a tea with sacred lotus seeds is offered by the friction match to the directs parents (Chinese historic and heathenish Project). The marriage ceremony is immaculate when the equate bows at on an individual basis other. The wedding counterpane is ready by the brides family separate from that of the straighten outs family. On each feasts, the men sits separately from women. consequently bride and the neaten are presented with the devil goblets of erotic get laid and wine tied(p) together with red yarn (Kingma, 2003, p. 166). They adjoin in these two drinks to acquaint that they gain come together in marriage in love and in courage.After the get married On the day after the wedding, the bride is necessitate to agitate up at dawn to honor their ancestors and bow ahead the grooms relatives as she receives gifts from them. That is the still day when the bride is officially introduced to the grooms family and relatives. final stage It can be considered that the trditional Chinese wedding is the roughly conglomerate and meticulous nevertheless nearly de luxe wedding at that place is. It can too be utter that since the wedding has the longitudinal preparation, the parents of both partners whitethorn plan for it duration the upcoming couple are still young. Moreover, the wedding ceremony itself is effrontery utmost(a) importance as it is enriched by beliefs to tally good things for the couple and for their family. whole kit and caboodle CitedChinese married couple Traditions. 2008. Chinese diachronic and pagan Project. 4 June 2008 .A accept to Chinese spousals Customs. 2008. Helium. 4 June 2008 .Chinese Wedding Traditions. 2008. Hudson valley Weddings. 4 June 2008 .Chinese Wedding Traditions- jointure Customs. 983 Weddings.com. 4 June 2008 .Fong, bloody shame & Chuang, Rueyling. communicating pagan and ethnic Identity. Rowman & Littlefield , 2003.Kingma, Daphne R. Weddings from the look modern-day & traditional Ceremonies for an memorable Wedding. chromatic Wheel, 2003.Wedding appearance How to firebrand Your Wedding Unique. 2008. Chinese Weddings by the Knot. 4 June 2008 .

Compare and Contrast Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

contrast and Contrast interrogation Paper - stress ExampleThis graphics shows the philosophers gathered unitedly learning from to each unmatchable different and share-out ideas. The enormous figures in history lived at different times. However, The schooldays of Athens illustrates the slap-up scholars under one roof. Two not bad(p) thinkers, Aristotle and Plato, are large in the photo. The straddle has played polar role in shaping the Hesperian thinking. In addition, their philosophical differences have been structured into Christianity (Kleinbub 52). However, Aristotle holds his slide by down, a clarify index that military personnelity toilette lonesome(prenominal) plunk for to the veracity that evict be seen or go through by street fighter as surface as sight. This, in essence, is the contain reality that Plato had dismissed. Aristotle holds his famed book (Aristotles Ethics) essentially emphasise elements of justice, relationship, government of the hu man world, and friendship, as headhead as reasons for the lead (Kleinbub 52). Pythagoras is to the lower left-hand(a) of the painting, The naturalize of Athens. Pythagoras held to the feeling that the world as well as the movement of the stars and some otherwise planets operated in a manner that was brooding of distinct numeric laws (Kleinbub 52). Incidentally, the mathematical laws had virtually connection to the ideas of cosmic and musical harmony. beau ideal of homing pigeon was a remarkable ply by Ingres (1827). ... However, homing pigeon appears to rein above all the great ancient artistic creationists and writers in history. Ingres intended to attract the painting to be the sum of aesthetic rules though it however lived to the expectation. Incidentally, the creation of this painting was a essence of the artist (Ingres) corporate trust more than speed of light small lotterys for the various characters (Kleiner & Helen 782). Each of the versatile charac ters made the drawing more skillful and detailed in equal measure. Apparently, opening conducted an extensive study of the paintings and other esthetical works of diverse artists. For instance, he study the paintings of Raphael, Apelles, and Poussin, the playwright, as well as other important figures, including the Roman and Greek gods. Jean- stylistic Analysis The School of Athens (by Raphael) provides high-pitched renaissance attitude with regard philosophers, scientists, mathematicians who held divergent views, conducted researches, and held different perceptions about the universe and other phenomena (Strinati 28). In the art, Plato is seen property his book called The Timaeus. Plato (on the left) points up which is a attain implication of his philosophy about everything in the universe being merely a shadow of the higher, unfading reality that is not only inactive but in any case eternal. These include things much(prenominal) as salmon pink and goodness (Strin ati 28). In essence, he holds to the tenet that the other material reality is in fact the last reality, and the seat of beauty, justice, wisdom, and truth. However, Aristotle holds his hand down, a clear indication that valet can only subscribe to the reality that can be seen or experienced by tough as well as sight. Auguste-Dominique Ingres prototypic exhibited the Apotheosis of Homer in 1827 in the yearly Salon. This art

Asia Pacific Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Asia Pacific Business - Essay ExampleSimilarly, china had also begun showing its hyper-growth during the late 70s. According to a report published by The World Bank (2009), it had been discovered that the economic performance of Japan and China are even better than that of their complementary countries much(prenominal) as the United States of America and other European countries.In order to recognize the characteristics of business systems currently practiced in Japan and China, it is essential to show the concept of business system beforehand. Apart from this, culture is also regarded as one of the most crucial factors, which influences business systems directly, as an effective impact suffer be observed on the economy too. More everyplace, internalization has also changed the nature of business systems for more than a couple of decades (Yeung, 2000).In accordance with Padmalingam (2000), Japan and China both share a substantial percentage of similarities that is identifiable i n terms of their cultures and social systems particularly owing to their geographical positioning. As a result, over the years, these countries have developed similar characteristics in terms of religion, culture and national identity (Padmalingam, 2002). Besides, it has also been observed that both the countries share almost similar economic value systems, which have influenced each other on several occasions, quite apparently. However, a critical analysis of the phenomenon revealed that both the countries, i.e. China and Japan, on their path of development, have tally to follow two completely separate modern civilizations in order to develop economic policies, especially in the post World War II period. These variances can be framed with the help of different business cultures and varied patterns of economic systems. During the transition period of the post war economic system, it has also been observed that the governmental authorities in Japan and China had a commanding role in order to support the growth of domestic firms

Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tax - Essay Exampleng that some assets are tax free and if ones gains in a year become less than his or her tax-free allowance, the person is not required to pay the capital gains tax. The paper analyzes aspects of the capital gains tax base on Susans case.Susans mode of shares disposal entrust determine whether she will pay the capital gains tax or not. If she can manage to dip the tax, it will be for the good of the company. There are instances that one can dispose of assets in a tax free focusing. Disposing assets can be through with(p) through selling it, giving the asset away as a gift, swapping the asset for another one and getting compensation for the asset may be when it gets destroyed or lost. It is hale recorded that it could not be possible for transferring the shares to her son. This is because there were strains between her son and her. Similarly, the son did not have material coin (Cordes 2005, p.5).These two instances make it difficult for Susan to dispose the s hares with immediate effect. This is because she feels the ownership of the company should remain in the family. The only available way of disposing the shares immediately was selling the shares to an investor. It is well recorded that she had been approached by an investor. If she decides to sell the shares at this time she will have to pay capital gains tax (Thomas 2004, p.10). This is because sale of shares is in the docket of disposal way that is liable of being paid the capital gains tax. The best time for Susan to dispose the shares is not yet and the best person to dispose to is her son since the company will remain fully owned by the family and the disposal will take place tax free.Sale of assets like shares and real estate is the most jet manner in which an individual capital loss or capital gain. The capital gains tax is also applicable to the intangible assets like business goodwill. governing of shares at a later date can be advantageous than selling them now. Accordin g to the 2014

Current Issue Barclays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current Issue Barclays - Essay Examplecompany has more than 50 branches in different countries of the world including Africa, Asia, and Europe, North America and South America and almost 48 million customers.Barclays is re at a timened as universal till and is unionised as Corporate and investment banking and wealth management, and Retail and Business Banking. The corporate and enthronisation banking and wealth management cluster consists of three business units Barclays Corporate (Commercial Banking), Barclays Investment bank and Barclays Wealth (Wealth Management). The retail and Business Banking cluster comprises four business units Barclaycard (credit card and loan provision), Barclays Africa, UK Retail Banking and Western Europe Retail Banking.Barclays is the fourth largest bank in UK. Its main competitions are HSBC, RBS and Natwest. The current issues faced by Barclays are competitive market environment, segmentation issue and communication models. Here we will but discuss competition between Barclays and HSBC.HSBC is a London based banking and financial service providing organization. HSBC is not indebted to the British Government. But Barclays has resorted to borrowing. During the year of 2010 HSBC earned a total interest income of 80 billion dollars and a net profit of 14.2 billion dollars (wikinvest.com).There is tough competition between Barclays and HSBC. Since these are the two starring(p) banks in UK so they are trying to achieve the biggest share in the market. Barclays reduce their rates on its Woolwich branded tracker mortgage to attract customers but HSBC in turn decrease to 1.99% discount on products. Both banks are taking further steps and bringing competitive products in the market which resulted in deterioration in market prices. Barclays has decreased its mortgage rate on its tracker mortgage by 0.45% and HSBC in return launched its amended rates by reviewing (Johnston, Mark 2010).Barclays has now launched new Premier Life Banking P rogram revive lending and compete for new customers.

JS MILL ON LIBERTY ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

JS MILL ON LIBERTY ASSIGNMENT - Essay ExampleThat the only purpose for which power dope be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His let good, either physical or moral, is non fit warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinions of others, to do so would be wise, or even right. (Mill, Pg. 18) Suicide is a personal decision that does not physically harm other case-by-cases. Mills Harm regulation clearly applies to self-defense and strives to protect the individual self-direction of each of us. As long as our decisions do not affect anothers liberty or livelihood then why must we be harnessed by anothers morality? That is the question that an anonymous 80 socio-economic class aged(prenominal) from Ohio is posing as well. This is the question to be addressed in the following paper. The letter written in June of 2003 outlined the thoughts of an 80 year old individual. Through the letter one can easily grasp that they have lived a full life, which their life is complete and they simply wish to spare their children whom they kip down greatly the pain and suffering of a long drawn out fight against various cancers. The author of this letter says, What I dont get word is why people think it is wrong for someone like me to just call it a day, throw in the towel. (Anonymous. Pg.1) the principle moral issue with this is the individuals right to life, and the individuals right to their own life. Mills clarifies his principle as affecting adults in the maturity of their faculties (Mill, Pg. 19) by his own declaration ones personal good, either physical or moral, is not sufficient warrant (Mill, Pg. 18) to prevent another from taking their own life into their own hands. The argument most often heard is that suicide affects the family, and yet we see that the true detriment here p er the anonymous authors letter is the continuance which would exist additional monies and anguish from watching as one you love slowly and painfully drifts away. Mills catamenia is that social club or state has not the right to impose moral standards on an individual if that individual is not harming another physically. The argument can be made that by making it iniquitous to take decide when one should die, they are in fact presenting ownership of the individual. The very liberty that is proclaimed of body and soul is than repressed at the point of death if one dies as a result of ones own hand. Mills presents the argument that each individual is the proper withstander of their own health he states that this includes body, mental and spiritual. Mankind is great gainers by suffering each other to live as seems good to them, than by get each to live as seems good to the rest. (Mill, Pg. 24) The anonymous older gentleman outlines this by directly asking why it is someone elses prerogative as to when he should end his own life. An individuals liberty must include the freedom to decide when they die if they so choose. Unfortunately, the argument has been made that ordering must care for all lives within its grasp, and even more unfortunately, this is not the social argument as much as the state based society argument. They are able to make the case that the physical health and wellbeing is the prerogative of society and the state and cannot be left in the hands of the individual.

Current Problems with the US Public Education Essay - 103

Current Problems with the US Public Education - Essay ExampleLow-income is the source of poverty for a number of Americans today. According to (Strauss 1), the numbers of students of children, from preschool to 12th grade, that pull ahead from the federal free and subsided feeding have increased exponentially over the years. Children from low-income backgrounds now dominate most of the public schools. Despite the magnitude of the problem, the federal teaching method policy has not considered poverty to be a major(ip) challenge to the education system in the United States. It is obvious that students find it difficult to jazz with school hence ends up missing classes or are psychologically affected by the poverty levels in their homes. To emphasize the magnitude of the problem of poverty, a study by National Student Clearinghouse Research Center showed that schools with high-income students sent more students to college as opposed to those that have been sent by schools dominated b y low-income students (Strauss 1).The No Child Left Behind Act is one of the major policies that give the parents a leeway to choose schools for their children. The law allows parents to consider taking their children to schools of their choice while at the same time providing a free tutoring platform for schools that do not perform well. Safety is also captured as a major consideration in the choice of the school that the parent prefers. The law provides that both local and state school districts should provide information to the parent in pronounce to make an informed choice of the school to take their child.

Leadership Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership Development - Essay ExampleCompanies do have Training and Development programmes for lower level management. There is examine of Mentoring but when it comes to placing the women at the top side by side with the men there appears to be a lack of confidence. Is it created by men only or are the women responsible for it too?It is firmly believed that Training and Development within a company is important as it Improves individuals performance and and then the company as a whole benefits from reduced performance problems and it can motivate the staff so they will be more productive. The question is wherefore it does not translate into more women rising to the top?This is an obvious case of discrimination. But, at whose hand? The men, or the women, or both(prenominal)? 2.1Development of Source MaterialsHaving increase the above questions, the quest now began for finding materials to find answers. This has been a highly debated question over the past decades and there was ample material about it both in the Library as well as on the World Wide Web. The entire group divided the responsibility amongst themselves the responsibility of finding answers to the above questions. Several models of this process were examined with the help of various journals and writings of eminent personalities to arrive at a consensus of how to find answers to the above questions. The team went through the material meticulously to locate the answers from a maze of diverse views.2.2Application of Source Material

Discrimination in the work place. Workplace Safety Research Paper

Discrimination in the work up place. Workplace Safety - Research Paper modelingThere atomic number 18 high numbers of employees who lose their lives while others become physically or mentally incapacitated by the kind of work they take aim in. ( cited in work place safety ) This research focuses on area of discrimination of single women in the work place. The research begins on the hypothesis that superstar women are discriminated in the work place. The research ordain be looking at different method actings of data collection in order to create whether the hypothesis is valid or null. The research will be looking at whether single women get promoted in their places of work as compared to their married counterparts, do they receive pay rises at the same rate as their married counterparts, does the work place treat them more harshly as compared to their married counterparts?, these are some of the questions that the hypothesis will be trying to answer. The Research Process The r esearch process is divided into various processes that may at times carrefour but largely work independent of each other. The research process will entail doing research in a number of work places specialized in different fields of profession. It will be a sampling process that will see us sample the population size to a sample size of only 15 single mothers. The process is as follows. 1. Defining the area of research specifically our area of research will be conducted in eight major companies whereby we will be seeking to conduct a research on the single mothers in these companies. The four companies are alphabet Forex, Savannah Coffee Lounge, Barclays Bank, Mayfair Casino, Deloitte, TNT, Securex, Westgate. All the eight areas have people specialised in different fields major companies whereby 2. Developing an overview of the area of study or what we intend to achieve. This is one of the most important parts of this research. In the research, we will be seeking to find out wheth er the single and married women in the work place face any kind of discrimination as compared to the male and married counterparts. Here we will be expecting answers either in the positive or in the negative with reasons to support these answers. 3. Determine methods of data collection. In our research various methods will be used. However, sampling will be the major method of research. The research method will be supplemented by other methods such as interviews, questionnaires, observation, focus groups, and mail surveys. This methods will be necessary in culmination up with all the data required in a very efficient and effective manner. 4. Determining information requirements. This is where we have to make a select on whether we may need to adopt and survey other reports on research done by others I this area of discrimination among single women in the workplace. 5. Organization of the information. This is where we will need to organize the information collected in the study. Th e information will have to be organized in a domineering manner in different sections each showing how we have been conducting the process right from the beginning of the process to the ultimate end of it. 6. Analysis and evaluation of the information. This is where we will be analysing and giving critical inferences about our research process. We will be seeking to either support or dismiss the hypothesis based on our research. This is one crucial part as it forms the main reason as to why the research was conducted in the first place.(Research Methods) The Research Process As verbalise earlier, the research involved a study conducted among people working in different areas of specialisation. All the women involved were single some mothers, others widowed and others still had beneficial cleared from school and had just begun working. The research was as

Negative Message Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Negative Message - Assignment ExampleYou can, for example, log off the machine and let it rest for a while to avoid such heat. Further, identifying a complication in one of your computers does not meet terms of render policies for all computers purchased with us. If the computer with the complication met our return policy terms because we would act on the specific computer only. In addition, our return policy provides for replacement of computers that fail to work within six months of purchase but overheating does not amount to failure to work and refund is not part of our return policy.I therefore wish to note that the realized overheating, together with our return policy, does not justify your claim. We shall therefore not be able to accept the computers or offer refund. The company however affirms its efforts to ensure quality products and to take tariff for products that fail to function. Thanks for understanding and we look forward to further business encounters with

Mission and Vision Statement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mission and Vision Statement - Assignment Examplegic plan, the institution intend to make the fictitious character and accessibility of benefits that would optimize value that would make it people-centric, results driven and forward looking.The recent debacle about Obamacare that led to political relation shutdown presented the vulnerability of Veteran affairs because it is one of the government agencies where some of its function were affected by furloughed civilians. Many beneficiaries are also complaining that their pensions are no longer enough to sell their daily cost of living.The recent political debacle is a huge opportunity for the agency to look for ways where its services can be insulated by external factors such as the political debacle of the Republicans and Democrats over Obamacare that led to the federal governments shutdown. It also highlighted the need for the agency to have other(a) source of funding such as investments so that it is not totally dependent from the funding of the federal government.External threat such as government wrought by political bickering was not anticipated by those who framed the strategic plan of VA and made the agency vulnerable to it that its other services were such as commissaries to family and survivor because of the furloughed civilians. While the funding of the VA is appropriated a year in advance, similar political debacle that would stretch for a long judgment of conviction could affect the funding of VA.The wordings however are already inappropriate for todays modern times and it is no longer responsive to the present needs. It straight appears to be simplistic to the point of being nave. A mission of taking care of fulfilling President Lincolns promise can miserly a lot of things except when delineated by its vision that says to care those who were in battle, his widow and orphans. It is better to rephrase its wordings to make it abreast with the realities of the time as well as integrate those vul nerabilities identified in the SWOT

Journal 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Journal 4 - Essay ExampleTheir experience showed that contrary to mutual sense, aggression, accidents and the stress of enforcing rules are all reduced and transformed when rules were discarded by the staff in a collaborative process. There were three non-profit site centers (63 students in a university campus, 42 children in a workplace setting, and 32 children in high school). All are in inclusive settings with resource teacher consultants for children with finical needs. There was a lot of diversity in the three centers including speakers of English as a second language, cleanly arrived immigrants, children from a single parent family, etcetera All centers were practicing the conventional way, which was rule-based. There was an abundance of Dos and Donts, in other words, over-regulation, which was suffocating the children. They also found out that it was draining the teachers just now policing and redirecting the children.Finally, they found out that there was a better way of doing these things. With the influence of the Reggio Emilia Approach in their series of workshops, they were able to question old concepts and approaches. They initiated new and innovative ways to make learning more meaningful and stress-free. The operative word was collaboration. With brilliant results emanating from the reduction of rules in a setting, it also lead to explorations with the physical environment, such as redesigning the layout of the cots at naptime, enlarging the block area from 4 ft by 6 ft to 10 ft by 20 ft, thereby giving ample space to chidren with better results. They also started redecorating their environs with Monet prints, flowers and even the bathrooms to make for a calmer effect on the children.As a result, the rule-driven, clock-driven give was changed into values-based, responsive pedagogy. Of course, there were some who were resistant to change. Eventually, they had to embrace the new innovation because it lessened

American Eagle Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American bird of Jove Marketing - Research Paper vitrineAirline operation is dependent upon many related entities the primary ones are airport authorities which allow the airlines to carry out the operation at the special(a) station. The catering service providers along with aircraft equipment manufacturers and suppliers also play contributory role in the operation. In case of American Eagle, it is quite possible that the flight frequency is restricted at a particular station. The aircraft manufacturer may also enforce strict conditions for aircraft maintenance. Customers Bargaining PowerAviation industry is strongly characterized by snip based fares which enable the customers to fly cheap if they plan their journey well ahead of time. The threat of customers bargaining power is hold as the pricing is purely online and regulated by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).Threat of SubstituteIt is a serious point of consideration for American Eagle as many low terms car riers can threat its profitability. It goes without saying that there is no substitute of air travel in the aspect of time and ease. The drawback can be in terms of connections to multiple stations and the facilities provided during transit if direct flight is not operated.Threat of New EntrantAs mentioned earlier, entry of new low cost carriers can threaten the business of American Eagle. The low cost carrier saves cost on catering, in flight entertainment and baggage limit. They focus on the basic requirement of air travel which is quick transportation of individuals and baggage.

Mobile Technology in Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mobile Technology in Education - Research base ExampleThis research paper will focus on the use of mobile technology in the region of United States, its acceptability as strong as its pros and cons on the population of United States.Mobile devices or technology used in educational settings is regarded as instructional technology which is used to press forward the process of learning and helping in the improvement of performance of students and educators (Reiser, 2012). Mobile technology is not only being used within the setting of classrooms, it is redden being used outside the classrooms for learning and growth. A study was conducted by Bangert in which the author identified that a total of 249 students at an American university named meitnerium State University were using Smartphone in order to continue learning outside their classrooms (Bangert, 2014). There are variant mobile devices being used for learning and development by the students belonging to different fields in t he United States. For example students belonging to the field of medicine are using tablet computers which are a form of mobile devices and these devices have been quite useful in preclinical education (Robinson, 2013).There are various benefits that can be attained by means of the use of mobile technology in classrooms. These technologies help in making different educational processes effective and efficient. One of the major benefits of using mobile technologies in classroom is that it can assist in submission of work. A study was conducted by Lindquist in which the researcher identified various methods through which students could submit various forms of assignments and tasks with the use of a mobile phone (Lindquist, 2007). The researcher identified that students can submit answers in text based form to their teachers by text electronic messaging the answers to the teachers. The researcher even identified that students can post or send picture based

Man in the middle and secrity in multichannel Essay

Man in the middle and secrity in multichannel - Essay ExampleHence, the attacker makes twain systems believe that they are communicating to one another while the attacker controls and modifies the communicated messages. The attacker achieves this by splitting the original TCP connection into two new connections and acting as a proxy where it can read, insert, and transmute the data in the intercepted communication. The man in the middle is unauthorized and attacks in veritable time. The attack can occur in two ways. It can occur where the attacker controls a router along the normal point of traffic communication in the midst of two communicating systems. It can also occur where the attacker is located on the same broadcast domain with one of the systems.The attacker uses several tools interchangeable packet creator, Ettercap, Cain e Abel and Dsniff that are efficient in LAN networks. The tools manifest Arp spoof capabilities that that permit interceptions. The man in the middle can attack and modify a HTTP because the HTTP traffic is unencrypted and contains no authentication. It can also attempt to intercept HTTPS traffic by using a custom certificate. The attacker uses proxy tools deal Paros Prox and Proxy Fuzz to interact with HTTP protocol (OWASP, 2009, p.1). The man in the middle attack takes advantage of weak network communication protocols to convince a host to route the information through the attacker instead of through the normal router. However, the man in the middle attack is also affirmative in developing a step of a web application and in creating Web Vulnerability assessments.Because of these attacks, the computer technological sector has derived various ways to hold to the communications in the systems in Multichannel and Multi-level Authentication security protocols. To ensure data integrity and originator authenticity between devices such as Personal digital Assistants (PDAs) whose owners has no past

The problem solution of rmg Essay Example for Free

The occupation solution of rmg EssaySubmitted to Institute of Governance Studies BRAC University Dhaka In Partial Fulfillment of the want for the Degree of Master of Arts in Governance and Development (MAGD) Institute of Governance Studies BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh November 2010 Declaration I hereby decl ar that I am the furbish up author of this thesis. I make pass the Institute of Governance Studies (IGS) and BRAC University to l turn back this thesis to other Institutions or individual(a)s for the purpose of donnish research scarcely. I further authorize the IGS and BRAC University to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by othermeans, in total or in straggle, at the request of other institutions for the purpose of scholarly research. Urmi Tamanna ID-07272026 MAGD Batch-2 IGS, BRAC University i Ack no.ledgement All praise and gratitude to Allah (The alone we worship, the alone we ask for Help). This is matter of challenge and enjoyment to do a research wor k in a stick upive academic environment manage IGS and BRAC University. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere respect to my supervisor Professor Iftekhar Ghani Chowdhury for his valuable guidance and uneven support which makes me confident to work on this challenging issue.I had full support from my family my husband, Insha and Taasin, Father, Mother, Sister and Brother. I also got tremendous support from Raihan and my other ken mates (BCS 21st and MAGD). I would thank Netherlands Government and BRAC University to study in the MAGD programme. Finally I show my sincere obligation and respect to the people of Bangladesh and the Ministry of finance on behalf of Government of Bangladesh to allow me to study in this beautiful place and academic zone. ii Table of Contents Page No. Declaration I Acknowledgement II Table of ContentsIII-IV Abbreviation V Abstract VI Chapter One- Introduction 1-16 1. 1 Historical Development of apprehend Law in Bangladesh 1 1. 2 Present location 2 1. 3 Workers Rights Situation 3 1. 4 deficiency of mergers statutory Advisory System 3 1. 5 Professional Legal Support is Costly 3 1. 6 young fag out Code 4 1. 7 The Functions of Labor in wardness 4 1. 8 Labor amount in Bangladesh 5 1. 9 industrial Relations function, 2004 6 1. 10 Labor Union Activities in Bangladesh 7 1. 11 Trade Union Activities in RMG Sector 8 1. 12 Labor Union in EPZ Units 10 1. 13 The Situation during C atomic number 18taker Government10 1. 14 ILO Directives 11 1. 15 Rationale of the Study 13 1. 16 Background of the inquiry 13 1. 17 Objective of this Research Work 14 1. 17 (a) Research Question 14 1. 17 (b) Hypothesis 14 1. 18 Methodology 14 1. 19 Sources of Data 14 1. 20 Analytical Tools Used 15 1. 21 Sample Size and Structure 15 1. 22 Limitations 16 1. 23 Structure of the Study 16 iii Chapter Two- Labor Outburst in RMG Sector of Bangladesh 17-21 2. 1Various incidence of cranch upheaval 17 2. 2 Small Beginnings of a Mass Revolt 17 2. 3 Containing R iots in the RMG Sector 2. 4 Conclusion 19 20Chapter Three Literature Review 22-28 3. 2 Grievance of ram was the centre of the labor unrest 22 3. 3 Agreements with Garment Workers not honored 24 3. 4 Non implementation of minimum wage 25 3. 5 Lack of tolerance of the labor was reason potty that unrest 25 3. 6 Other interest Parties 26 3. 7 Labor legislation and labor unrest 26 3. 8 Unions and workers 27 3. 9 Issue which is not intercommunicate 27 3. 10 Questionnaire 27 3. 11 Conclusion 28 Chapter Four Stakeholders perception regarding labor sum of money 29-39 4. 2 Issues that atomic number 18 Addressed in Questionnaire 294. 3 Overall Response 29 4. 6 Response of respondents from unaffected enclothe industries 33 4. 8 Response of respondents from affected garment industries Where Labor was Occurred 4. 9 Conclusion Chapter Five- Findings and Conclusion 36 39 40-43 5. 2 Lesson Learned 43 5. 3 progress Research 43 Reference 44 Appendix One Questionnaire 45 Appendix Two- Brief s cenario of RMG sphere of influence of Bangladesh 46-50 iv ABBREVIATIONS BEA Bangladesh Economic linkup BGMEA Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and tradeingers Association BILS Bangladesh Institute of Labor Studies FDIForeign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product LU Labour Union MFA Multi-Fibre Arrangement RMG Ready make Garments EPZ Export bear upon regulate v ABSTRACT Readymade Garments (RMG) is the main foreign exchange earning celestial sphere of Bangladesh. At the same clipping this labor intensive sector is genuinely important to squall the demands of occupation of a huge population. Reputation of this sector is high which beneathpins the success of this sector. But in recent times the harvest and existence of this sector came at a lower place threat when this sector at tipd severe labor unrest.Due to the labor unrest there has been huge loss of production, and whatever of the factories were ruined by protesters, several laborers were killed, and lot of lab ors were injured and arrested. It is said that there were legitimate demand of the laborers which should subscribe to been addressed by the owners. But these demands were not addressed which created the grievance of the laborers. In course of time these grievance bolstered the unrest. On the other hand, some laborers were not sincere and honest to their job and responsibilities. These laborers involved themselves in the decease of their own industries.While nearly of the researchers addressed the reasons of that unrest, in this research the probable solution of that problem has been addressed by collecting stakeholders perceptions through questionnaires. It has been found that to address the grievances and to consider the limitations of the financial cleverness of the owners a bridging mechanism, labor union, surrounded by laborers and owner is needed. Moreover, it was found that most of the respondents think that labor union can be use as a tool to mitigate the risks of labor unrest in RMG sector of Bangladesh. vi Labor Unrest in Bangladesh RMG SectorDoes Active Labor Union Reduce the Risk of Labor Unrest in RMG Sector? A Dissertation by Urmi Tamanna ID-07272026 MAGD Batch-2 Approved as to Style and Contents By Professor Iftekhar Ghani Chowdhury Supervisor Institute of Governance Studies BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh November 2010 Labor Unrest in Bangladesh RMG Sector Does active labor union reduce the risk of labor unrest in RMG sector? Chapter-One Introduction Introduction The readymade garments (RMG) sector, the single biggest foreign exchange earner in Bangladesh has come a broad way in be two decades. The industry has crossed mevery hurdles to stay competitive.It has proved m all predictions futile and wrong and competes fiercely even after the abolition of quotas under Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in the North American market and special market entry to European markets. The credit for that achievement goes primarily to the entrepreneurs an d the laborers. But the transactionhip between these two major contributors has come into question and the industry is under severe pressure because of labor unrest. After the labor unrest of 2006 in several RMG units, the sector sustained a loss to the tune of US$60 million, Khan, S. (2007).The fact remains that trade unionism is virtually absent in the garments sector and when creditworthy labor movement is not given all chance, the consequence is indiscipline and chaos leading to a situation where the mob takes over. So the notion of the absence of labor unionism in the garments in most of the industries as a reason for widespread violence needs more(prenominal) research to reveal the reasons behind and offer possible policy solutions to the crisis. 1. 1 Historical development of Labor Law In Bangladesh In British-India industrialization paved its way during the last part of eighteenth century.Workers condition of work, environment was worst. That time the few labor laws exis ted in the sub-continent was not enough to protect the rights of the working people. well-nigh of the labour laws we have genetical from British-India and Pakistani period. First labor law came in this subcontinent was Workers Compensation Act, 1923. Workers got their Trade Union rights after a long struggle under Trade Union Act, 1926. At the time of Pakistani period 2 separate laws was there, Trade Union Act Industrial Dispute Settlement Act, these 2 laws merge into IndustrialRelation Ordinance, 1969. Major labor laws enacted in the year 1965, such as Factories Act, Shops Establishment Act, Employment of Labour (SO) Act. Later on, so many amendments made on labor laws. Moreover, separate rules were also enacted for 1 better implementation of the law. Bangladesh governing body set up a separate Inspection Authority to supervise and monitor lizard the implementation of labor laws. 1. 2 Present situation Our labor laws argon grantly scattered in different statutes. In other wo rds, labour laws atomic number 18 yet to be codified.The necessity of such codification had been felt by many since long. Besides, the existing labor laws suffer from some inherent flaws and require to be updated to spiel the present demand of proper dispensation of justice. Actually we inherited the laws and the wakeless system of our country from British-India. The British enacted laws to primarily suit their colonial purpose. Now ours is emancipated country and its outlook and demand have changed drastically. Therefore either the existing laws should be adequately amended or new laws be enacted, suiting the present demand of the society.Out of 44 statutes of our labor laws 2 argon from the nineteenth century and another 13 from the between the beginning of twentieth century and the district of the sub-continent in 1947. some other 23 statutes were enacted during the Pakistan period (1947-1971), the reset i. e. , six statutes have been enacted since liberation. These scattere d laws need to be unified. Keeping this in view in 1992 a National Labour Law Commission was formed. The Commission opted for recommending the enactment of a Labour Code. The successions for a Labour Code, however, seem to have been shelved, at least for the time being.Nevertheless, occasional attempts have been underinterpreted to revive interest in the proposed Labour Code. The National Trade Union Leaders of the Labour Law Review Committee was reconstituted in August 1998. Earlier the International Labour Organization-ILO office in Bangladesh also submitted its comments on the Draft Labour Code prepared by the Commission. 7-member review direction has been formed by the government to re-asses the proposed Draft Labour Code. However, after the emergence of the new republic of Bangladesh, no suchinitiative has ever been taken by any of the successive governments and the issue has always been given back seat by them. Surprisingly, the new recommended Labour Code, 1994 of the Nati onal Labour Law Commission is tranquillize awaiting governments approval and subsequent enactment. Without a complete Labour Code, to end the violation of workers rights will remain a far cry. 2 1. 3 Workers rights situation Workers rights are highly violated in the country. Mass people are not aware of the rights of working people. Even the policy makers are not that much concerned. polished society shows negligence towards the rights of the workers. The Constitution of the country guarantees rights to organize but unfortunately there are so many restrictions to form and join Trade Union in several types of industries and areas i. e. Govt. Employees, Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Rural Electrification Board, and all types of security and confidential staffs, Security Printing Press, employees of education/research institutions, hospitals and clinics, NGOs, Army, Police etc. To meet the end of these violation and deprivation awareness should be raised among the workers themselves. Labor Union activists should be given more knowledge and power to build their capacity in corporate bargaining and motivational activity. 1. 4 Lack of unions legal advisory system Due to multiplicity, in house union system, political follow and lack of one single National Trade Centre, trade unions becoming weak day by day. Membership dues collection for union and rate of dues are very small size. Due to financial inability members are not getting so many services from the union. One of important service they undeniable is to get legal advice at the time of facing grievance handling, preparing court cases, protection of their rights etc.At present union has no such legal advisory system. Bangladesh Institute of Labour Studies (BILS) can provide such services by strengthening a small legal cell. 1. 5 Professional legal support is costly Legal advice and legal support is always a costly service not only in Bangladesh but almost anywhere in the world. Workers income rate are very p oor, their social security scheme are also weak. Working class are always facing serious problem when they get some problem on their job. Workers jobs are always on risk. The employers have so much power to terminate 3 the job of workers.To face the legal court cases handicraftal lawyers services they need but their services are very costly. Workers have no ability to pay for that. 1. 6 New Labor Code The countrys constitution guaranteed all the fundamental rights of the citizen and every corpse are equal in the eye of law, irrespective of color, sex, class, profession and religion. Bangladesh is a member of ILO since 1972 and obtained membership of the UN in 1974. Though it has ratified 7 out of 8 core ILO Conventions the employers are use to ignoring the law. Most of the ratified ILO conventions are not fully implemented.The present labour law of the country should be updated a complete labour code should be passed. A step was taken in this regard in 1994 and a labor code was pr oposed. Trade Union federations of the country made their recommendations and suggestions to make the code a complete catalogue for protecting workers rights, but the government is still to pass the code. BILS 2005 1. 7 The functions of Labor Union A trade union or labor union is an brass of workers who band together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions, forming a cartel of labor.The trade union, through its leadershiphiphip, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labor contracts with employers. This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. The bargains negotiated by the union leaders are binding on the rank and file members and the employer and in some cases on other non-member workers. These transcriptions may comprise individual workers, professional s, past workers, or the un active.The most common, but by no means only, purpose of these organizations is maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment Over the last three hundred years, many trade unions have developed into a number of forms, influenced by differing political and economic regimes. The immediate objectives and activities of trade unions vary and include 4 Provision of benefits to members Early trade unions, like Friendly Societies, often provided a range of benefits to insure members against unemployment, ill health, old age and funeral expenses.In many developed countries, these functions have been assumed by the state however, the provision of professional training, legal advice and representation for members is still an important benefit of trade union membership. Collective bargaining Where trade unions are able to prevail openly and are recognized by employers, they may negotiate with employers over wages and working conditions. Industrial ac tion Trade unions may enforce strikes or resistance to lockouts in furtherance of particular goals. Political activity Trade unions may promote legislation favorable to the interests of their members or workers as a whole.To this end they may pursue campaigns, undertake lobbying, or financially support individual candidates or parties (such as the Labour Party in Britain) for public office. (wikipedia) 1. 8 Labor Union in Bangladesh The Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969 Ordinance XXIII of 1969 13th November, 1969 This ordinance is about formation of trade unions, the regulation of relations between employers and workmen and the avoidance and settlement of any differences or disputes arising between them or matters machine-accessible therewith. Certain related sections are depicted below.Sec 2(v) Collective bargaining agent in relation to an giving medication or industry, means the trade union of workmen which, under section 22, is the agent of the workmen in the establishmen t or, as the case may be, industry, in the matter of collective bargaining Sec 2(xiii) Industrial Dispute means any dispute or difference between employers and employers or between employers and workmen or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the employment or non employment or the terms of employment or the conditions of work of any person 5Sec 2(xxiv) Settlement means a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceeding, and includes an agreement between an employer and his workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of any conciliation proceeding, where such agreement is in writing, has been signed by the parties thereto in such manner as may be prescribed and a copy thereto in such manner as may be prescribed and a copy thereof has been sent to the Government, the Conciliator and such other person as may be prescribed Sec 2(xxvi) Trade Union means any combination of workmen or employers formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen andemployers, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct or any trade or business and includes a federation of two or more trade unions Sec 3 Trade unions and freedom of association. Subject to the provisions contained in this Ordinancea) Workers, without distinction whatsoever, shall have the right to establish and, subject only to the Rules of the organization concerned, to join associations of their own choosing without front authorization b) Employers, without distinct whatsoever, shall have the right to establish and, subject only to the Rules of the organization concerned, to join associations of their own choosing without previous authorizationc) Trade unions and employers associations shall have the right to draw up their constitutions and rules, to elect their representatives in full freedom, to organize their administration and activities and to formulate their programmes d) Workers and employers organizations shall have the right to establish and join federations and confederations and any such organization, federation or confederation shall have the right to affiliate with international organizations and confederations of workers and employers organization Khan, 2006 p. p155-162 1. 9 Industrial Relations Act, 2004 Act no. 23 of 2004 4th September, 2004 This Act made provisions for recognizing the right of the workers to form association, regulation of relations and settlement of differences or disputes arising between employers 6and workers in Export Processing Zones and for matters connected therewith. Certain related sections are depicted below. Sec 5 Workers representation and welfare committee. (1) After commencement of this Act, the Executive Chairman or any officer authorized by him in that behalf, shall require the employer and the workers in an industrial unit in a zone to constitute, in prescribed manner, a Workers office and Welfare Committee, hereinafter referred to as the committee. Sec 11 Duration and ce ssation of committee. (1) A committee constituted in a Zone shall be in existence till October 31, 2006 Sec 13 Formation of Workers Association. (1) With expiry of October 31, 2006 and beginning of November 1, 2006, the workers in an industrial unit situated within the territorial limits of a Zone shall have the right to form association to engage in industrial relations subject to the provisions made by or under this Act. Khan, 2006 p. p497-506 1. 10 Labor union activities in Bangladesh The trade unions are very strong in Bangladesh, although only 3. 5 percent of the workforce is unionized, but most of the unions are limited to the public sector or state-controlled enterprises. According to the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), there are a total of 23 national trade union centers in Bangladesh and approximately 5,450 trade unions.The largest of these are the Bangladesh Jatio Sramik compact (BJSL) the Bangladesh Jatiyatabadi Sramik Dal (BJSD) the Jatiya Sra mik Party (JSP) the Bangladesh Free Trade Union Congress (BFTUC) and the Jatio Sramik League (JSL). These bodies are organized together in the ICFTU Bangladesh Council. About 1. 8 million of the countrys workers belong to unions, out of a total workforce of approximately 58 million. The unions tend to have strong links to major political parties or are controlled by political figures, and they often lead political action and strikes in the country. Strikes are extremely common in Bangladesh and can paralyze business activities for weeks. The private sector is less unionized and trade unions are practically banned from the Export Processing Zones (EPZ) until 2008, as the EPZ is exempted from certain labor laws.In case of industrial dispute the problems are suppositious to be solved through the Labor Tribunal. 7 Unlike many Middle Eastern countries, women in Bangladesh enjoy considerable freedom and are generally involved in education and labor, although the employment and literacy place among them generally are lower than among men. Recent surges in the garment industry brought new employment opportunities for women, as around 95 percent of people employed in this sector are women. However, in the rural areas the women very often are disadvantaged and among the poorer members of the communities. Currently, more than 37 percent of the labor force is women.However, unionization among women, and hence the protection of their rights, is generally lower than among men. National Economies Encyclopedia 1. 11 Trade union activities in RMG sector Trade Union movement in garments sector is very weak. Even it is weaker than the other sectors. There are 8 country wide registered trade union federations. There are 9 federations registered as division based. Another 5 registered federations are combined with Jute, Textile and leather Sector. Apart from these, there are 6 unregistered federations in this sector. There are 3 alliances in the garment sector. These are 1. Ban gladesh Garments Workers Unity Council.2. Bangladesh Garments Workers and Employees Unity Council. 3. B. N. C. C. (Bangladesh Coordinating Committee, affiliated with (ITGLWF). Main reason of the weakness of trade union movement of garment sector in Bangladesh are 1. Disunity and division of organizations. 2. Unlimited and long working hours. 3. Absence of Job security. 4. Migration from factory to factory. 5. Absence of weekly holiday and other holidays. 6. Majority of women. 7. State policy. 8. elect class ownership. 9. Low wage. 10. Unemployment of the country. Though there were 16 unions representing garment workers in January 2006, according to the Democratic Workers Party the level of unionization among workers was very low. Where unions were involved, they act more like extortionists, taking money from management to keep the employees in line while at the same time collecting dues from their members, with whom they had virtually no contact. Most of the unions had direct or in direct links with local and foreign NGOs, and receiving lucrative grants seems to be their main goal. July 14th, 2006 by Libcom Most of the trade unions appeared to be tools of one or other of the political parties, strikes being used more as vehicles for pursuing political goals against rival parties than improving 8 workers conditions.The Nation Garment Workers Federation obviously is an exception to this, being a more grass-roots organization, closer to an expression of workers selforganization emerging from their own struggles. It would be too easy and simplistic to apply critiques of modern westbound business unions to such an organisation. 11 years ago the NGWF was an organisation with 3 workers paid a basic garment workers wage operating out of a shed in a workers slum. Working in conditions more similar for workers in Europe a century or two ago, basic organization for defence and improvement of working conditions is a matter, sometimes, of whether one starves or not.With rapid large-scale proletarianisation of rural workers in many parts of Asia (China, India etc) struggles for unionization are apparent to follow. Though organising trade unions were banned by employers in the EPZs, this has changed, as one of the concessions won by the revolt. This is anyway a convenient concession for the owners a visiting card was introduced into the US Senate which, if passed, would ban all imports produced in sweatshops. This is a form of US trade protectionism and corporate image management expressed as concern for workers conditions. The bank note would penalise Bangladesh, Jordan etc and Americas big rival China in, for example, the garment industry, by attempting to undercut their present advantage of cheaper labour costs. the Greater Los Angeles area has surpassed the New York area as the center of the North American garment industry. Home to more than 1,000 manufacturers who employ an estimated 90,000 workers, most of them immigrant, the garment and re lated industries account for as much as 10 percent of Los Angeles economy, according to Sweatshop Slaves. Nearly one in five local employees today work in the garment industry, making it Los Angeles leading manufacturing sector. (Review of Sweatshop Slaves Asian Americans in the Garment Industry, Various, 2006. ) As well as the dire conditions of employment, the low level of unionism is one likely reason for the ferocity of the workers response.When it erupts, unmediated class war is generally conducted more brutally on both sides. The Bangladesh state finally realised this when it brought in union officials to mediate and negotiate an end to the rebellion. In the long term, union representation is usually granted by the bosses as a necessary safety valve mechanism and tool of management for the stability of the production process. Libcom 2006 9 1. 12 Labor Union in EPZ units Labor union was banned from EPZ units until 2008. For the first time in the country, 69 industrial units i n Dhaka and Chittagong export processing zones (EPZ) have introduced workers associations on the basis of referendums by workers.At the same time, workers of 22 industrial units have voted for not having any trade union body for themselves for yet another year. The referendums on having workers associations were held from January to the middle of this month. There are 124 more eligible industrial units in these two EPZs which will have to hold their referendums by 2010 as per a decision of Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (BEPZA) on the basis of a 2004 act on allowing trade union activities. Although referendums are supposed to be held without any external influence and spontaneously by the workers, BEPZA is putting pressure on the industry owners to hold them as soon as possible.American labour group that has been pushing hard for implementing trade union rights at the EPZs has mounted pressure on the government to have the associations as soon as possible. The factorie s at the EPZs on an average pay 40 percent more than the factories outside the EPZs. Yet during last years unrest, some of the best compensable factories in the EPZs came under attack by their own workers. Owners of these factories and law enforcement agencies have said this unrest was prompted by outsiders for their petty gains. Although the referendums are supposed to be held without any external influence and spontaneously by the workers, the Bepza is putting pressure on the industry owners to hold the referendums as soon as possible.The president of Bangladesh Readymade Garments Labour Federation, said, Lack of proper monitoring by the government, lack of sincerity of the owners and ignorance of workers of most factories are not complying with the law. bangladeshnews. com. bd, 23 March 2008 1. 13 The situation during caretaker government Garments are Bangladeshs main export, and have been a major contributor to the countrys economic growth in recent years. The industry has also been important in creating jobs for women. International companies that source garments in Bangladesh should insist that the Bangladeshi government end harassment of labor rights activists, said Adams.They should make it clear that labor organizing and activism is part of the call for when operating in the 10 world economic system and that they will not accept it if activists are jailed, intimidated or harassed by the authorities. Bangladesh has been under a state of emergency since January 11, 2007. The emergency rules have placed serious limits on civil and political rights, and have severely diluted constitutional protections of individual rights. In a letter to the government dated August 1, 2007, humans Rights Watch called for the lifting of the state of emergency. Emergency Power Rules of January 25, 2007 prohibits processions, meetings, assemblies and trade union activities.The interim government is abusing its emergency powers to target individuals who are trying to prot ect workers rights in Bangladeshs most important export industry, said Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch on the backdrop of the arrest of Mehedi Hasan of the Worker Rights Consortium (WRC) on January 24, 2008. He was arrested and detained by National Security Intelligence in Dhaka. His arrest is believed to be directly linked to the labor rights monitoring that he carried out for WRC, a nongovernmental organization that investigates labor practices at apparel factories, largely on behalf of US colleges and universities. Hasan is being held for violating Articles 3 and 4(1) of the Emergency Power Rules of January 25, 2007. In recent days, the authorities have invoked Emergency Power Rules and have filed criminal cases against dozens of trade union members, including leaders of the Bangladesh Independent Garment Workers Union Federation.Many other labor rights activists have complained to Human Rights Watch about being threatened and being under continuous surveillance. According to police sources, a number of international organizations and their staff members are currently being monitored for allegedly engineering or inciting subversive activities within the garment industry. 1. 14 ILO Directives The International Labour Organisation rapped Bangladesh for its continuing failure to provide full trade union freedoms in the country and for permitting serious violations of ILO Conventions both in law and in practice. In particular, it deplored the obstacles to the establishment of unions in Export Processing Zones and the arrest and harassment of union leaders and activists in the garment sector. 11And the ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards singled out Bangladesh for special attention expressing concern over the escalation of industrial violence stressing that freedom of association could only be exercised in a climate that was free from violence, pressure or threats of any kind against trade union leaders and members. The Committee dema nded that the Bangladesh Government take measures for the amendment of the Labour Act and the EPZ Workers Associations and Industrial Relations Act so as to bring them into full conformity with the provisions of ILO Convention 87 which Bangladesh has ratified and is duty-bound to observe. The ILO called upon the Bangladesh Government to discover that all workers were fully guaranteed the protection of the Convention and demanded that the nece