Humorous Wedding Speech for a Sister of the Groom -- Wedding Toasts Ro

Humorous get married Speech for a Sister of the GroomLadies and Gentlemen youll be pleased to know I am only going to speak for a couple of minutes because of my throat..... if I go on too long Angie has threatened to cut it.However, out front I begin, on behalf of John and Angie I would homogeneous to thank everyone who has helped to make this the special mean solar day that it is - and I think we can all agree it has been thin so far.Well, I knew it would be difficult to follow a dustup made by John and I was right .... I couldnt follow a bloomin invent of it. When John asked me to be his Best woman I felt very privileged at prototypical, but then as the big day approached I thought why did he ask me? what had I done that was so wrong? I then remembered a good definition of beingness asked to be the Bestman, is like being asked to make love to the Queen Mother - its a great honour, but nobody wants to do it. But even so, I relieve agreed to be Johns Best woman and here I am today.So, before I commence to slander Johns character as is traditional, Id retributive like to thank him for lending me a book entitled The Bestmans Checklist. I must confess I was mystified by some of the things I was pass judgment to do.(1) construct the Groom to the Church sober and on time - well ladies and gentlemen I think you could all agree I have completed by first duty splendidly.(2) Bring a Chequebook for payments the groom may have forgotten - well kn... ...Example To John and Angie, If you need some spousal tips, bode 0800 and ask for hot lips... From Anonymous.Finally, on behalf of the bride and groom I would like to thank everyone for sharing their special day, it is a true millstone - sorry milepost in their lives. On behalf of myself I wish youd all stayed at home - as things would have been a lot easier on me. I started planning this speech just about 5 months ago and I expect you all feel like Ive been delivering it equally as long. But now it gives m e immense pleasure (not to detect relief) to require you to all stand and raise your glasses in a toast to John and Angie. To love, laughter and happily ever after. To John and Angie CONGRATULATIONS Humorous Wedding Speech for a Sister of the Groom -- Wedding Toasts RoHumorous Wedding Speech for a Sister of the GroomLadies and Gentlemen youll be pleased to know I am only going to speak for a couple of minutes because of my throat..... if I go on too long Angie has threatened to cut it.However, before I begin, on behalf of John and Angie I would like to thank everyone who has helped to make this the special day that it is - and I think we can all agree it has been splendid so far.Well, I knew it would be difficult to follow a speech made by John and I was right .... I couldnt follow a bloomin word of it. When John asked me to be his Best woman I felt very privileged at first, but then as the big day approached I thought why did he ask me? what had I done that was so wrong? I then remembered a good definition of being asked to be the Bestman, is like being asked to make love to the Queen Mother - its a great honour, but nobody wants to do it. But even so, I still agreed to be Johns Best woman and here I am today.So, before I commence to slander Johns character as is traditional, Id just like to thank him for lending me a book entitled The Bestmans Checklist. I must confess I was mystified by some of the things I was expected to do.(1) Get the Groom to the Church sober and on time - well ladies and gentlemen I think you could all agree I have completed by first duty splendidly.(2) Bring a Chequebook for payments the groom may have forgotten - well kn... ...Example To John and Angie, If you need some wedding tips, call 0800 and ask for hot lips... From Anonymous.Finally, on behalf of the bride and groom I would like to thank everyone for sharing their special day, it is a true millstone - sorry milestone in their lives. On behalf of myself I wi sh youd all stayed at home - as things would have been a lot easier on me. I started planning this speech about 5 months ago and I expect you all feel like Ive been delivering it equally as long. But now it gives me immense pleasure (not to mention relief) to invite you to all stand and raise your glasses in a toast to John and Angie. To love, laughter and happily ever after. To John and Angie CONGRATULATIONS

Essay --

What does famine mean? It is a situation in which people do not have enough food, according to Websters New World Dictionary. The great spud famine, however, was far more than just a lack of food. Its personal effects were felt around the world due to environmental conditions, agriculture practices and economic and political factors (Japikse, 1994). Famine still exists in todays society, as does the potato blight from the largest crop manufacturers to the small family gardens in Wisconsin, but nothing comes close to the disaster experienced by the Irish. It was the injustices that caused the famine, Gorta Mor, The Great Hunger of 1845-52, as called by the Irish (Daly, 1996). The potato famine of 1846 was one of the biggest natural disasters in Irish history. The explosive disease said William Fry, Ph.D., caused by Phytophtera infestans, is a condition that prevents growth and destroys the plant by disease. P. infestans is a fungus-like pathogen that infects and destroys t he leaves, stems, potato seed and the potato itself, turning it black and slimy (Craig, 1998). The first signs of blight are when leaves light brown specks on them that start to get white, hairy growth around them (Damsker, n.d.). In addition, leaves and stems withered very quickly. This if followed by a terrible smell. It spreads as a spore and grows rapidly in moist, warm and humid conditions. Today, the blight disease still affects potato crops. However, an application of the plant fungicide, metalaxyl, or copper sulfate mixtures and pesticide will prevent and eliminate or, at least, decrease the orifice of its appearance (Daly, 1996). In fact, according to Gibbons article in 2013, the pathogen and its host of dried leaves ar... ...Irish and British people had bitter feelings towards one another. Many Irish were angry the English government did next to nothing to prevent the famine. Then when it happened the government turned their heads. The anger caused a rebellion in 1848 by a group called the Young Ireland party, saying Ireland wanted its own government (Results of the Great Famine, 2014). In conclusion, famine is still a part of the world today, but Gorta Mor of this take of devastation does not occur anymore. The same issues of environment, agriculture practices, economic and political factors are still part of famine today along with the appearance of the potato blight, too. Truth be told, the difference between then and now, however, is that technology is the medium to deliver images and descriptions faster and quicker so as to not let much(prenominal) devastation be experienced.

constitution :: essays research papers

The Constitution itself did not mention political parties, and it was assumed that none was exhalation to arise. But this was soon proven wrong when the debates between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists in 1787 and 1788 stir into a both party system. This soon led to a permanent gambol in American policies. In early times, groups of people formed temporary assembly and voted together either for or against a specific policy. When the policy was settled, the assemblies would dissolve. The Federalists and Anti-Federalist was severalize of like these assemblies, but they didnt dissolve that easily.The 1790s became known as the Federalist Era because a Federalist President led it. Political parties began to form around two leaders, Hamilton and Jefferson. The Federalist Party supported Hamilton and his financial program. The opposing party that was known as the Democratic-Republican Party supported Jefferson and tried to elect candidates in different states who fence Hamiltons pr ogram. The French Revolution later hardened the formation of these two parties. Americans became sharply divided over whether it should or should not support France.The Federalist strength was greatest in the northeastern states and the places that favored the growth of a federal personnel. They supported British and aided businesses, national bank, and tariffs. Made up of the rich businessmen and large landowners. The Democratic-Republican power were the party whose supporters were mainly from the southern states and where people favored the protection of state fulls and a weak central government. They supported French, favored agriculture, no national bank, and opposed tariffs. 2). Explain the circumstances that lead to the incorporation of a Bill of Rights in our federal Constitution. State two rights guaranteed to you by the Bill of Rights, and explain what privileges each right grants to you and what privileges each right grants to you and what obligations each right demands to you.

Style and Supervenience :: Technology Computers Computer Essays

Style and SupervenienceABSTRACT Copes Computers and Musical Style (1991) describes a computing machine chopine that allegedly brush off represent and replicate musical styles solely on the basis of compositions that have been entered into it. If this claim is correct, then it must be that an works stylistic characteristics locally supervene on its textual features, which roughly means that its stylistic properties are entirely determined by its textual properties. In my typography I argue that stylistic properties do not locally supervene on textual properties, and thus that neither Copes program nor any other that basically whole works like it can represent or replicate styles.Cope (1991) describes a calculator program that allegedly can represent and replicate musical styles solely on the basis of compositions that have been entered into it (ix, xiXall page-references are to Cope 1991). If this claim is correct, then it must be that an employments stylistic characteristics locally supervene on its textual features, which roughly means that its stylistic properties are entirely determined by its textual properties. This paper argues that stylistic properties do not locally supervene on textual properties, and thus that neither Copes program nor any other that essentially works like it can represent or replicate styles.1. Copes Composing ComputerDavid Cope is a composer and music theorist who got interested in the applications of computer science to music. The direct cause of his interest was a composers block this made him turn to computer programming in the hope to find a composing partner (18). Eventually his search resulted in a program he termed Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI). Let me briefly sketch what EMI does and how it works.What EMI does is intimately explained musical data, like for instance a number of Mozart piano-sonatas, are (in coded form) fed into the computer, which then outputs new musical material. This new material is t hen hoped to be and, concord to Cope, also often is, in the style of the music that was entered. How the program works is not so easily explained, but the following simplified account ordain do for the purposes of this paper (cf. 152ff for details). The two most important components of EMI are a pattern-matcher and a so-called Augmented Transition Network. The first searches for common patterns in the works that have gone into the computer, and stores these in a style dictionary (together with a weight, indicating how common they are).

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay -- essays research papers

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge?Ambrose Bierce weaves a tale of intrigue and captivation, by using shifts of voice and cartridge clip in the story An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge?. In the first four paragraphs, Bierce begins the story using third person, and in this extremum of view, he creates reality. We can view the situation and all aspects while it is written in third person we know precisely what is going on, we know it is real. just about the end of the fourth paragraph, the author shifts cleverly from third person to limited omniscient. After having us view the story in third person, Bierce transfers from reality, to the main characters pattern processes, having us view Peytons thoughts and dreams also as reality. "He looked a moment at his "unsteadfast footing," then let his gaze wander to the swirling water of the stream rush madly beneath his feet." (P.67) it is here where Bierce shifts and starts to mislead us, by using Peyton Farquhars thought pr ocesses as a filter. It is a clever shift, because in this moment, we are getting close together(predicate) to the time of Farquhars death, and we have previously read reality. Time then slows down the explanation of the phenomenon, of Peyton Farquharss death, is both detailed and plausible, and there is a special trick "He closed his eyes in order to fix his last thoughts upon his wife and children"(P.67) It is in this sentence that Ambrose Bierce starts to evoke hope in the reader. The author knows th...

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay -- essays research papers

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge?Ambrose Bierce weaves a tale of intrigue and captivation, by victimisation shifts of voice and time in the story An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge?. In the first four paragraphs, Bierce begins the story using ordinal person, and in this point of view, he creates reality. We can view the situation and all aspects while it is written in threesome person we know precisely what is button on, we know it is real. Near the end of the fourth paragraph, the cause shifts cleverly from third person to limited omniscient. After having us view the story in third person, Bierce transfers from reality, to the main characters thought processes, having us view Peytons thoughts and dreams also as reality. "He looked a moment at his "unsteadfast footing," then let his gaze wander to the swirling water supply of the stream racing madly beneath his feet." (P.67) it is here where Bierce shifts and starts to mislead us, by using Peyton Farquhars thou ght processes as a filter. It is a clever shift, because in this moment, we atomic number 18 getting closer to the time of Farquhars death, and we have previously read reality. Time then slows down the explanation of the phenomenon, of Peyton Farquharss death, is both detailed and plausible, and there is a special trick "He closed his eyes in order to fix his last thoughts upon his wife and children"(P.67) It is in this sentence that Ambrose Bierce starts to evoke hope in the reader. The author knows th...

Effects of Technology on Relationships

Yana Feldman Professor Ebersole Analytical Reading and Writing 0802 November 2, 2010 Advances in intercourse and Intimate Relationships Instant digital and online converse of the modern world influences cheat and courtship in consanguinitys. The generations of today allow their interpersonal relationships to be throwed and molded according to the engineering that is offered. This is one of the many important matters that are influenced by engineering science. Technology is manipulating the world with positive and negative effects it causes scientific advancement, it affects the economy, and importantly, it changes communicating betwixt people.This change can be seen in intimate relationships. To see how communication technology has changed love as a whole, one can observe how technology has changed different types, or stratums, of intimate relationships. Three possible constitutes are an early dating stage at which flirting and courtship occur, a marital stage in which com mitment is vital, and a long-distance relationship in which a couple is temporarily separated. These stages of relationships have changed in history and will continue to localise according to society and, of course, technology. Communication has continuously been evolving ever since language existed.Language gives the distinctive ability for the evolution of human society. Language starts at the basis of spoken language information is conveyed through conversation aloud or written in forms of letters. Efficient communication has involved written messages even in the earliest of civilizations. Since 522 BC written messages were sent between people in the Persian Empire. For a message to travel 2000 miles, it would take 10 days for a man on a horse at a speed of 200 miles per day droply, there were no separate options or methods to s dismiss a message such(prenominal) a long distance.Until oft more recent centuries, the only way to speed up the transferring of a message was to sp eed up the messenger him ego. In the 11th century messages were sent slightly faster using pigeons (Gascoigne 1). As a next big step in the 15th century, the new technology of printing was invented. It spreads so quickly that every European country soon uses this new founding. The invention of the telescope in the 17th century allows for optical signals to be sent across a longer distance (Gascoigne 1).The application of electricity to enable communication did not come until much later in the form of the static electrical telegraph in the 18th century. Another long sentence passed endure-telegraph telecommunications technologies before the speaking telephone would be invented (Winston 28). But by the meter that Queen Victoria had ended her reign in 1901, the telegraph withal left its greatest days behind (Standage 1). Distant signaling by give tongue to appeared only 2 centuries agoa very recent advancement considering how long communication has existed (Winston 33).The telep hone was invented in the late 19th century inwardly 20 long time, 2 million telephones existed in the United States. During Queen Victorias reign, a new communications technology was developed that allowed people to relegate al just about instantly across great distances, in effect shrinking the world faster and further than ever before. A worldwide communications web whose cables spanned continents and oceans, it revolutionized business practice, gave rise to new forms of crime, and inundated its users with a deluge of information. Romances blossomed over the wires (Standage 1).Finally, the 20th century brought the inventions of the radio, television, and net income into human society another influential invention was the famous cellular phones. These inventions spread to all parts of the world generously and quickly. With internet abilities, electronic mail became an option, and soon a preference over post mail. Instant messaging, text-messaging, and video chatting are all cont inuing to spread. Additionally, the convergence of internet and cellular devices can soon allow web access anytime and anywhere ( meshwork 1).The modern day communication options are incomparable to the early civilizations options. forward-looking communication capabilities cannot even be compared to the communication 200 eld ago so much has changed. Intimacy and loving relationships have always had certain steps and stages along the way. Dating and matrimony are often regarded as popular topics of discussion. whiz can picture ladies gossiping and journalists commenting on what women should do, on what men should do, or how both parties should act in certain situations.However, love and intimacy are also sometimes observed in a more general and objective sense. The relationships of today can be compared with each other as well as compared to equal relationship settings of the past. Early developing intimate relationships today is a very open and general topic as compared to wha t it once used to be. courtship no longer occupies a vital place in American culture. The term itself seems quaint and outdated (Cere 4). Some researchers believe that the traditions of courtship eroded in the 20th century.They also believe that courtships end caused the destabilizing of marriage in recent years (Cere 4). Research shows that a device such as a cell phone and the text messaging that it offers substitutes face-to-face communication and is killing relationships. This is vital in an early developing relationship because communication in this stage can either cause the progress or downfall of the whole relationship. Interestingly, researchers have found that the reason men and women spend so much time on the Internet is because of the easy communication management and the environmental control that is offered.Particularly for the early stages of developing relationships, internet communication and other technological forms do not have any benefits (Kasallis). While rese arch shows that text messages can be endearing and sweet for couples to interact and communicate, men and women may develop foeman opinions about the issue of text messaging. It seems that because text messaging (along with some other new technology) is so new, ground rules have not yet been established in the etiquette of the text message, and so for this reason these new technologies have had such pressure on early dating and flirting relationships (Pressner 1).In addition to the effects of text messaging and online communication to already developed intimate relationships, there is the whole issue of relationships that have been created in cyber ways. Social networks, such as Twitter and Facebook, offer the communication between old and new acquaintances. Yet todays technology does not nearly end there in addition to such online accessible locations for communication, couples and singles are offered with online dating services, such as Match. com and eHarmony.Such online servic es (now also accessible on cellular devices ever since the Cell and Internet convergence) are absent reality and are artificial. Yet this does not stop men and women. In fact, the disconnectedness often attracts their attention and is tempting and addicting. Another stage of relationships is marriage. The marital stage is considered the most committed and based on emotional attachment. In this stage, the couple is considered sanctified and can be referred to as family members the couple can also give birth children. Research shows that marriage, partially due to the previous dating stage, has also changed in recent times.In the past, the courtship dating stage set clear ground for marriage as a next step. Since early dating is affected in modern day, marriage is not regarded as the next conceivable step. Also with technology changes, divorce laws have changed, allowing marriages to end with no faults, and opening more options to couples. Many of the essential features of love as courtship the longing for permanence, the believe to donate the self to another must, in the economists story of courtship, be either submerged into contract theory or dismissed altogether as irrational (Cere 10).The effects of online communication and text messaging on marriage are observed as well with both positive and negative effects. Noticeably, a little free time along with the internet is possibly harmful and damaging to a married couple. With services on the internet such as dating, social networks, and pornography, a dedicated husband or wife could get carried away. Such services are easily accessed, easy to use, and emotionally easy to handle because no work is infallible to be put in as with a husband or a wife.Nevertheless, other researchers say that marriage has been made easier in recent years due to the interconnectedness. A husband or wife can always send an email, make a phone call, or even easiersend a text message to one another. With this ability, there appe ars yet another aspect married couples do not experience the love and desire for each other when not together (Sahlstein 1). A simple phone call can eliminate any feelings the couple has of missing one another or of desire for the other. With such quick digital communication today there is less of this excitement as in previous years.A third type of a relationship is a long-distance relationship. A simple example of such a couple is when the husband must leave for the military for long periods of time. In the internet age today, this long distance relationship is aided by such programs like Skype. A couple can not only send quick e-mails, it can talk on the phone, send instant messages, and video chat. This is somewhat of a revolution in comparison to relationships even a hundred years ago. Long distance relationships have had problems in all cultures and times.Since beginning of history, long distance relationships was a matter that was avoided at all costs. Yet in todays world, te chnology has definitely benefited this form of intimate relationship, allowing a couple to stay in touch in numerous ways. Most interestingly, studies show that in such a relationship, being together and being apart mutually allow and constrain on another in multiple ways (Sahlstein 1). Modern society is enhancing and providing this ability for long-distance romantic partners to feel connected and still be separated at the same time.The technology, particularly for communication enhancement, has changed probably the most in recent years causing changes and adjustments in all areas. Relationships and interpersonal communication is just one area that is currently affected, and it is not yet clear if it for the ultimate better or the eventual downfall of intimacy between men and women. In dating, marriage, and long-distance relationships, the effects of communication technology are currently observable. However, new technology is being developed and new standards are being set and so, one may only wonder where intimate relationships will end up next. New problems may arise, as they always do in time yet with such an instinctive and desired emotion of love, humans and their relationships will have the ability to prevail.Works Cited Cere, Dan. The Experts Story of Courtship. Institute for American Values. 2000. 01 November 2010. . Gascoigne, Bamber. History of Communication HistoryWorld. 2001. 01 November 2010. . Kasallis, Theresa. Text messaging affects student relationships. Universe. 5 Jul 2006. 01 November 2010. . Perlman, Daniel. Intimate Relationships. Toronto McGraw-Hill Humanities Social, 2008. Pressner, Amanda. Can love blossom in a text message? USA Today. 29 January 2006. 01 November 2010. . Sahlstein, Erin M. Relating at a distance Negotiating being together and being apart in long-distance relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2010. 01 November 2010. . Standage, Tom. The Victorian Internet. New York Walker Publishing, 2000. W inston, Brian. Media technology and society a history from the telegraph to the Internet. New York Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2003. Internet. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2010. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. 01 Nov. 2010 .

A time when i ran away

Everybody at school Jeers at me and constantly bullies me. Even the teachers pick on me, because Im not exactly the brightest student. Everyday I go home beat-up and bruised yet my parents still dont take a second look at me. I may be shy, but Im also mysterious, curious and after any(prenominal) thought, and quite a lot of beatings, I decided to try something new, to run away from home. Vive been traveling for ages now, with no insight of where Im going. The hot sun bears down on me, my lips are parched and Im desperate for an ice cold drink.I use what little spare change I control, to buy myself a bottle of water, and before I know it Vive gone through the whole thing. Im exhausted, yet I corroborate no shelter, no food or drink, and worst of all I have no family. I really regret running away. I wish I could Just have a second chance to go hind end and fix everything. But I know better, that Im not wanted there, and that theyre all probably throwing a party now that Vive left. I realism that I have no hope, if I keep on moaning and groaning about what an idiot I am. So, instead I decide to make a plan as to how I can survive.Vive never shoplifted before its a completely new concept for me. When I was younger I would always feel guilty about pussyfoot a few chocolates of the top of the cupboard. So you can see how petrified I am about shoplifting. I try to casually stroll Into Decos, but I cant keep my heart from thumping so fast, I cant stop the sweat from bucketing down my face. Every aisle has a shop assistant wandering virtually keeping an eye on everything. I decided to try the confectionery aisle. I sneakily slipped a Fruit Pastilles packet Into my pocket and Just as I done so I was halted by the assistant.I felt my pulse break I knew I was in for It. H reached behind himself and took out a sheet. Sprawled out across the front was LOST BOY, with a picture of someone who looked exactly like me. Thats when It hit me that I was the lost boy. No words could chance on how I was feeling. I dashed out of the store and sprinted all the way home, only to find It completely abandoned. I asked a passer-by where the occupants of my house were. He calmly pointed to the roof and said they hurdled to their death, because of the heartache of losing their missing son.It was at that moment, that I collapsed to the round, and was once again reunited with my family a time when I ran away By Reverberant-Congratulating petrified I am about shoplifting. I try to casually stroll into Decos, but I cant keep my decided to try the confectionery aisle. I sneakily slipped a Fruit Pastilles packet into knew I was in for it. H reached behind himself and took out a sheet. Sprawled out Thats when it hit me that I was the lost boy. No words could signalise how I was feeling. I dashed out of the store and sprinted all the way home, only to find it

Black like me Essay

A middle-aged white man from Mansfield Texas named John Howard griffon vulture is the principal(prenominal) character and author of Black like Me. He was a man deeply committed to the cause of ending racial discrimination. In 1959, griffon refractory to take a pertinently extreme measure just to understand the plight of the black people. He underwent medical treatment to change the color of his bark and temporarily become a black man. Griffins experience was funded by George Levitan, the owner of Sepia, a black oriented magazine in deteriorate for an article ab go forth it.Griffin sets out for New Orleans. He bechances a contact- superior Williams, an articulate, soft-spoken, and engaging shoe shiner. Along the way, Griffin experiences oppression, hardship, and prejudice. It is impossible to contract a job, he is forbidden from ordering a drink at the soda fountain and he wasnt allowed to use a restroom used by whites. Clerks refuse to cash his checks as well. Griffin travels to Alabama and into the Deep South and Mississippi and finds that the condition is raze worse for blacks.He finds their condition alarming. Black communities bet defeated and run down. All day long, the word nigger seems to echo everywhere he goes. After two months of a depressing life as a Black man, Griffin stops taking his medication and lightens his skin back to its original color. He notices that when he is a white man, whites treat him with keep an eye on and blacks treat him with suspicious fear when he is a black man, blacks teat him with generosity and kindness and whites seem to look at him with contempt and abhorrence.The article is publish in 1960 and he was called to do interviews. The article is published around the world and he receives both congratulatory mails and hateful reprisals. Mansfield consists of many racists so Griffin and his family locomote to Mexico in August of that year. Griffin issues a plea for tolerance and understanding betwixt the races so as to avoid the possible outbreak of terrible violence. II. A critique on the book Black like me is more of a memoir rather than a novel it is an autobiographical memoir in particular.It springs out from the authors real experiences as well as his personal opinions rather than from mere imaginations or artistic creativity. The book itself stared from a research project. Griffin ostensibly desires to experience hoe it is to be like a black man so that he may understand firsthand the hardships and obstacles that they encounter in their daily lives. The books main theme is racial discrimination. Griffins quest for equality and social justice led him to temporarily change his identity from a white man to a black unitary.This transition is one clear proof to the crucial importance of ones skin color as a factor in determining ones position in this world. Griffin writes about the hardships of finding shelter and food as a black man the difficulties of cashing a check despite the fact th at he didnt change his identity riding a bus or even just finding a restroom where blacks are allowed to use. Blacks and whites behave differently when in one anothers company. Whites look at blacks with contempt and hostility and blacks treat whites with suspicious fear.This behavior is different however when they are with their groups and just among themselves. They treat each other with respect, kindness and generosity. Neither race has an understanding of the other. Griffins Black like Me explores the themes of segregation, racism and the capacity of humans to love their fellowmen. In this novel, there is the presence of men who made a different stand. P. D. East, Sterling Williams, George Levitan, Adele Jackson, and Sam Gandy support Griffins advocacy A proof that there is some goodness in this world.Black like me is a short book, but considered one of the finest pieces of literature ever produced. The social message of the authors experience is clearly advocated through the na rrative structure of the book. III. 3 incidents that I personally find interesting and why? When Griffin underwent a medical treatment the ultraviolet radiation combined with oral medication to darken his skin pigmentation. I find it personally interesting because it is a rare occasion that a person will consider doing the same experiment as Griffin did.He did a pertinently extreme measure just to feel exactly how it is to be like a black man. The medical procedure that Griffin underwent is neither tried and true nor safe. He experienced pain and other side effects from his exposure to the ultraviolet as well as with the medication. When Griffin spends the day working on the shoe shine booth together with Williams and Joe and that they only have raccoon meat and rice eaten out of a tin can for their meals.This spells the gap between a white man eating in a luxurious restaurant and a black man who regards having enough to eat, no matter how new the meal is, as a mark of dignity. When a white bully follows Griffin around, calling him names and threatening him. This incident only proves the material passing between whites and blacks. This incident portrayed the constant threat of violence, prejudice and oppression. In this particular scenario, he is treated like an animal being chased away(p) just because the color of his ski is black.

Airstar Case Study

Abstract Airstars organizational design is outdated. Former death chair and actual president have been managing the confederation under the assumptions of a predicable environment. Airstar is having problems with communication and job-description along the social club. Tasks have been assigned superficially and job responsibilities ar non descriptive enough. The cross-functional communications among managers is not working effectively and employees have been working up their own job description.Because of that, goal accomplishment is fast becoming obsolete and decisions are being do on the basis of practicality. Also, the high society is facing external brats from major competitor such as General Electric and Pratt & Whitney. The stagnation from solve managers is causing sanatorium subjectively, because business environment is constantly changing and most managers have been in the company for more than twenty years. So, for maximum efficiency, Airstar needs to guide their employee with standards and indite guidelines in order to succeed and move forward. Introduction Airstar Inc. manufactures, repairs, and overhauls pistons and jet engines for smaller, often previously owned aircraft (Daft, 2008, p. 84). It has a solid history and its strength comes from the fact that it is well know in the grocery store and employee loyalty. However, the rapidly changing industry parallel with the change in the presidency is causing problematic factors for Airstar. A company that has been in the commercialize for twenty years producing customer and employee loyalty now has threat with new arriving business competition and the ever-changing business environment.Unfortunately, Roy Morgan, the president, assumes that he could continue to run the company as it had been twenty years ago. In the past, decisions had been made on the basis of practicality. However, the current environment is in need of changes in duties and management practices. The lack of voluminous communication concerning duties and how to restructure them for better efficiency is causing internal chaos. So, communication appears to be the Aquiles problem of Airstar. Problems The first significant issue for Airstar is the threat of the changing environment.As Walmart founder Sam Walton said once that advantage competition is not just continue to develop but to stay ahead of competition and the accomplishment curve of its environment (Walmart, Inc. , 2010). To continue to exist, the organization needs to not merely adjust to, but also to influence the changing environment, and in consequence, creating a company worth for its stakeholders. According to the case study, there is a major lack of leadership and coordination. The second significant issue for Airstar is that the current system is neither cooperative, nor strategic intent.Strategic intent means that all the organizations energies and resources are directed toward a focused, unifying, and compelling overall goal (Daft , 2008, p. 60). It shows that the values established by the founder were never reviewed for the purpose of internal and external changes. The company vision and mission statement are worthless if there are not communicated passim the various hierarchies of the company. Also, Airstar current system has shown overlap responsibilities between employees. Specific tasks should be assigned to employees that are better suited for these tasks.Another significant issue for Airstar is the unbalance of its external environment. This problem could provoke stressed employees and in consequence, a less effective performance (Rolfe, 2005). Managers should not only communicate effectively, but also beware to employees and be responsive of the way they experience different factors within the company. Such consideration will bring better management strategies not only in assigning the most appropriate duties, but also in managing the stress factor related to required structural adjusts.The last sig nificant issue is the threat created by new competitors. Competitors, who are new to the market, will make every effort to follow solid business principles to attract value customers and gain market share. Airstar is no longer the sole service provider of its industry, and finds itself in an environment that is quickly changing. Here is where the mature organization comes to play. Airstar has been known for its safety, superior quality, and customer service. These are strengths that can be hard to conquest and could possibly allocate Airstar ahead of its competitors. InterventionsJim Robinson, vice president of manufacturing, pointed it out six principles that appear to focus on internal changes and could provide Airstar with a better position to handle external environmental changes and a stronger internal structure. First, formalization is lacking because of the long lifetime of the company without written rules and regulations. It is recommended that Airstar begins its internal r enovation process by creating a list of recommended rules, regulations, and policies. Second, these initiatives are communicated in writing, so it can provide managers and employees with the opening to comment.Then, after being use in writings takes place, meetings could be held to discuss comments. Third, it is recommended that Airstar creates a mission statement, a number of goals for future that relate to it, and strategies to arrive at these goals. Then, after implementing the goals and tasks to achieve internal productivity, Mr. Morgan should assign appropriate personnel members to avoid the overlapping that has been occurred in the past. Furthermore, the external environment requires to be monitored on a frequent basis so that congenital responses can be implemented in a timely manner.The monitoring procedure can also be allocated to specific personnel members, who should communicate with top managers via meetings. Fifth, the hierarchy of authority should be established and updated according to the variety of tasks and strategies within the company. As Robinson refers, Airstars internal structure should be kept to a minimum. It is a sound standard keeping the internal structure of the company as simple as possible in order to center on goals rather than on endeavoring to manage extensive personnel members and their many duties.Conclusion Airstar has proven to retain a quite considerable, although somewhat lesser, customer base. I believe the company has the potential to recover itself with internal structural changes, as recommended above. Mr. Morgan attitude is very optimistic towards implementing adjustments for the benefit of his company. His willingness to hire a consultant and put into operation suggestions shows that he is serious about fetching his company up to date with the external environment. However, it is important that Mr.Morgan and his entire management team do not make these decisions on an isolated foundation, but that employees shou ld be incorporated in implementing some of the changes. References Daft, R. (2008), Organizational Theory and Design, 10th ed. Mason Ohio, South-Western Cengage Learning. Rolfe, Foreman and Tylee, 2005, Welfare or Farewell? rational Health and Stress in the Work Place, Issue 268. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete Walmart, Inc. (2010). Walmart Corporate. Retrieved November 16, 2011, from Walmart Annual Report http//walmartstores. com/sites/annualreport/2010/

Measuring Public Ratings’ Impact on Financial Condition

MEASURING PUBLIC RATINGS IMPACT ON FINANCIAL CONDITION OF MASS MEDIA COMPANIES IN THE PHILIPPINES AN anon. RELATIONSHIP A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the College of Business, Economics, Accountancy and oversight De La Salle Lipa In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Business Management Major in fiscal Management by Macatangay, Gladys Maralit, Joshua Montes, Jose Miguel Salute, Niel Patrick Acknowledged by Winnie D. Dimaano Thesis Adviser ABSTRACTThis domain pass on aim to recognize the meaning(a) affinity of creation ratings/ media ratings to the offspring mass media companies (ABS-CBN, GMA Network) financial condition and stocktaking market slaying for the years 2009-2011. The purpose of the study is to determine the companies public ratings/ media ratings for the years 2009-2011, to assess if there is a significant birth among public ratings/ media ratings and the companies financial condition and stock market performance and to determine if pu blic ratings/ media ratings soak up a significant rig on the companies.The public ratings/ media ratings result be gathered online through the websites of AGB Nielsen Philippines and Kantar Media. The interrogati angiotensin-converting enzymers bequeath be using bitary data collection technique in gather information regarding the present study. The look forers leave behind also use correlational look for design to analyze the data. Descriptive design will also be apply in the study. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii DEDICATION iii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ivLIST OF APPENDICES v Chapter 1 BACKGROUND OF THE ambit of battle Introduction 4 Statement of the problem 5 Operational Framework6 Hypothesis7 Research Objectives 7 Significance of the Study 8 stage setting and Limitation 9 comment of Terms10 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Related Literature 11 Related Studies12 Synthesis 14 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research conception 15 Respondents of the Stud y16 Locale of the Study16 Research Tools and Instruments16Data Gathering Procedure17 Data Analysis and Interpretation17 BIBLIOGRAPHY20 APPENDICES Chapter 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, statement of research objectives, significance of the study and the scope and limitations of the study. Introduction In the Philippines, one of the most influential systems of the society is media. Thus, this makes it one of the systems that the public knows the most and is familiar of.However, despite its familiarity, there are lonesome(prenominal) few who are curious of how public ratings and public relations affect these companies financial condition in terms of its liquidity, solvency and stock value and perhaps in the long run how it affects its favorableness and revenue. In the past years, there have been two dominant Mass Media companies that are almost at par in terms of revenue in the country The Alto Broadcasting Syste m Chronicle Broadcasting Network popularly known as ABS-CBN and the GMA Network (GMA), comm solo signified to as Kapuso Network.These are major commercial television network in the Philippines owned and operated by the publicly traded Filipino media conglomerates. creation Ratings, in world-wide has always been a part of these Mass Media companies way of showing their dominance over an opposite and thus, the proponents came to an idea that perhaps public ratings have a significant effect on these companies financial condition and profitability ratio. The fact that these companies even spend large amounts of money to pay some other market research companies to conduct a survey amongst the public is enough reason for the researchers to conduct a study somewhat it.In general when conducting a study about Financial Management, it is common to have a study about the financial condition of a certain work or confederacy concentrating only on one aspect of the company which is its financial statement. However, in this study the researchers would like to showcase the daze of public ratings to the financial condition of Mass Media companies in terms of its liquidity, solvency, and stock value and to prove if there is a significant relationship amidst these variables as well as on its profitability ratio.Statement of the Problem This study will aim to recognize the significant relationship between mass media companies public ratings and financial condition from the year 2009 to 2011 here in the Philippines. The purpose of the study is to settlement the following questions 1. What are the public ratings of the two mass media companies in the years 2009-2011? 2. What are the companies financial condition/ performance in terms of a. Return on Assetsb. Return on Equityc. Return on Investments 3.What is the storehouse Market Performance/ Stock price of ABS- CBN and GMA network for the period 2009- 2011? 4. Is there a significant relationship between the companies public ratings and financial condition for the years 2009 to 2011? 5. What is the effect of public ratings to the media companies profitability and stock price performance? Operational Framework Hypothesis Ho1 at that place is a significant relationship between the media companies public ratings and financial condition. Ho2 unexclusive ratings have a direct effect to the media companies stock market performance.Research Objectives It specifically aims to get through the following objectives 1. Determine the public ratings of the two mass media companies in the years 2009-2011. 2. Determine the companies profitability ratios in terms of a. Return on Assetsb. Return on Equityc. Return on Investments 3. Determine the Stock Market Performance/ Stock price of ABS- CBN and GMA network for the period 2009- 2011. 4. Determine if there is a significant relationship between the companies public ratings and financial condition for the years 2009-2011. . Determine the effect of public ratin gs to the companies profitability ratio. Significance of the Study This study will be effective to numbers of sectors including the public, investors, brokers and traders, faculty, students and future researchers. For the publicThis study may introduce the value of public ratings to the public and may give them the idea that good public ratings does not only affect the media companies popularity or fame and its influence, but it also affects its financial condition in terms of its liquidity, solvency and stock value.For the investors This study is advantageous to the investors for they can have an additional soil in analyzing the past and the current financial condition of the media company they wish to invest at. The media companies public ratings would also help them analyze the which company profits more(prenominal) and which company gives greater opportunity for investment growth and diversification. For the brokers and tradersThis study is beneficial to the brokers and trad ers for they can have an additional basis in analyzing the companies financial health in terms of its liquidity, solvency and stock value.Thus, giving them basis for investment. For the facultyThe result of this study is beneficial for the professors to have a deeper understanding about what public ratings can really do to affect the financial condition of a certain company especially companies who directly concentrates on media usage for profitability. For the financial management students The result of this study is beneficial for them to learn more about the effect of public ratings which is commonly seen only as a basis for popularity.They can use it as a character reference or guide to their study to further understand the factors that may affect a companys financial condition. For the students and future researchersThe result of this study will serve as a reference to their finance courses. This will be useful to them by providing them essential details necessary in conductin g their related studies. Scope and Limitations The study will sharpen on the significant relationship of public ratings to the financial condition of media companies in the Philippines in terms of liquidity, solvency and stock value.Specifically, the study will focus on public relations which may directly affect the public ratings of these media companies. Primary sources will be gathered by the researchers by tour university libraries, reading articles and researches that are related to the study. Secondary resources will be also gathered via net income and finance websites These resources will prove that public relations have a significant relationship with public ratings. Furthermore, in determining the significant relationship between the variables (public ratings, liquidity, solvency and stock value), comparative analysis will be apply.In fix up for comparative analysis to be done, the researchers gathered financial statements of some(prenominal) media companies from year s 2009- 2011. The researchers also gathered the public ratings of these media companies that were gathered by market research companies that for each one media company has hired (Nielsen ratings and Kantar Media). Furthermore, the stock value for each company will be gathered. Definition of Terms Public Ratings Refers to media ratings issued by AGB Nielsen and Kantar Media market research firms in the Philippines that rate the subject corporations overall television viewer ratings.Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presented literature reviews related to the study. The section presents the writing of polar personalities both foreign and local conducted by the proponents during their research which have been beneficial to the study. It involves reference materials and detailed facts stated by few people and pioneer in the field of investment that will serve as the foundation for sorting out and solving problems that may be encountered in the development of the prop osed study.Literature and studies presented in this study contained information, concepts, and findings that were contributing(prenominal) and fitting for the selection and development of the theoretical framework of the study. Synthesis was also created based from the gathered information and facts in literature and studies. Related Literature Public relations is now recognized as an important tool of management in production, distribution, and finance. To have the people in your ommunity think well of you and your company, to win a measure of acceptance on the part of certain special publics, and lastly, as you devoutly hope, to gain some degree of recognition on the part of the general public. is what media companies should do to gain better and more effective relations with the public. Related studies According to a book of Romeo P. Virtusio entitled How to make it in PR PR Veterans Tell Their Stories (2007), Public Relations has a significant effect on Public ratings also kno wn as media ratings.In this article the author punctuate that Public Relations is a significant asset to a companys Public Ratings. The article also showed that there are long run relationships between the two, both directly affects each other progressively. A study conducted by a group of students from De La Salle University Taft entitled Public Relations Firms in the Philippines and Their animateness Cycle (2009), explained that PR bears distinguishing marks for a companys life as failures and survivors. The study mentioned that Public Ratings can seriously affect a companys druthers or leadership profile, vision, client management, financial management, preferences for innovation, and risk- taking propensity. Public Relation firms equally keep pace with the dynamic market and other forces to recognize the stage of decline which can trigger their demise, as in the case of defunct firms, and steer well through the known external environs/ public. This study also elaborated furt her the real effects of Public Ratings to companies. The operating relations firms are the survivors.They keep pace with the dynamic market and other forces in the known external environment, They keep abreast of their organizational life cycle by means of organizational blueprints for updates, interest in cultural orientation and judicious application of technological changes. Adaptation through selection is resorted to by the firms, so that alignment with the very satisfactory if not excellent business performance can be attained, to assure themselves of longer life cycle. It is in this regard that the applicability of the Stewardship Theory in management could be tested.The firms survive on the efficiency of their organization, systems and structures and competencies alone, which can prolong their life cycle. But even the masterful application of innovative management orientation and well- plotted strategy, which combines entrepreneurial orientation and stewardship, the resultan t business performance still serve as a significant determinant of their life cycle. The failed firms are those whose management took for granted or ignored the essential requirements for a healthy and robust business concern.Deviations from the factors of entrepreneurial orientation and stewardship, and control of elements in the internal and external environments, generally lead to failures. An article written by Oscar S. Villadolid emphasized that in Public Relations, knowing the culture of the market, the set of beliefs and the value systems, traditions and ways of doing things, is what makes a strategy for good PR more effective. Mass Media companies will never get high media ratings if they do not do this. SynthesisThe studies and articles presented are closely related to the current study considering the different variables used. The primary focus was to determine the relationships between Public ratings also known as media ratings and the mass media companies financial condi tion. The studies presented assessed the significant relationship between public relations and public ratings. This helped in scrutinizing facts that are viable information to the completion of the study. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHDOLOGY This chapter discusses the manner by which the study was conducted.The first portion shows the research design and the purpose of using such design. The second portion discusses the source of data and the third portion tells about the method of data analysis. It also discusses the ways in which relevant data needed for the research was collected and treated. Research Design This research paper will assess the relationship of public ratings and mass media companies found in the Philippines in terms of their profitability ratios mainly focusing on the companies return on assets, return on equity and return on investments for the years 2009 to 2011.The study will also focus on the companies financial condition that would help evaluate their performance i n terms of solvency, liquidity and stock value. The study will use descriptive research design in order to analyze the relationship of selected mass media companies in the Philippines. Likewise, the correlational research design will be used to determine the impact of public ratings on the variables that were presented for the years 2009 to 2011. Respondents of the Study The subjects of the study would be the mass media companies specifically ABS-CBN and GMA Network that are listed under the Philippines stock market.Locale of the Study The study will be conducted in the Philippines specifically in Manila where the subjects are currently situated. Research Tools and Instruments The data that will be used for this study will be the public ratings posted by the market research companies hired to assess the ratings of ABS-CBN and GMA Network. Likewise, it shall use secondary data such as Financial Statement and Stock market performance. In order to assess the relationship between the va riables mentioned, the researchers will gather the Financial Statements of these media companies for the years 2009 to 2011.Data Gathering Procedure The mass media companies data about profitability ratio and financial condition will be gathered through the use of information and communications technology by surfing the internet and researching through world-wide web. In addition, other data that will be used in this study will be collected through the references coming from the program library of the De La Salle University located at Taft mostly in the General collection and Periodical section. The researchers will also use secondary data collection technique in gathering information about the study.Secondary data will be derived from journal articles, manual/handbook and magazines as well as in the different educational, governmental and organizational websites for some related information about public ratings and mass media companies. Secondary data will also be obtained from re lated studies conducted for academician purposes. Data Analysis and Interpretation The researchers will analyze the data through the use of different methods for research. To test the relationship between the mass media companies public ratings, profitability ratio and financial condition, the correlational research design will be used.Moreover, the regression research design will be used to analyze and equalize the financial statements of the media companies and their respective public ratings for the years 2009 to 2011. Descriptive design was also used in the study. Correlation analyses will be done to determine if significant relationship among the variables used in the study is present. The strength of the relationship among the variable will be interpreted using the following correlation equivalents Table 1 Interpretation of Correlation Coefficient Values Correlation Coefficient Value Interpretation 0 to 0. 10 No correlation . 11 to . 30 Weak correlation . 31 to . 50 Moder ate correlation . 1 to . 30 Strong correlation . 71 to . 99 Very strong correlation The formula to be used will be pic Where n= number of pairs x, y are the number of the variables to assessed. Bibliography Romeo Virtusio P. 2007. How to make it in PR PR Veterans tell their Stories. Filipino Book of Public Relations 65-78. Branka Bugariska. 2013.Measuring Media Impact on Reputation The Case of Telecommunication Companies in Macedonia. (available onlinehttp//www. slideshare. net) Oscar Villadolid S, J. J Calero. 2007. How we dealt with Media. Filipino Book of Public Relations 79-84. Davies, Gary et al. 2003. Corporate Reputation Management The Key to palmy Public Relations and Corporate Communications. In European Management Journal Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 201-212, April 2003 Doorley, John and Garcia, Helio Fred. 2007. Reputation Management The Key to Successful Public Relations and Corporate Communications. New York ,NY, USA Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Curriculum and Material Development

THE TEACHING PROCESS The focalisation here is on the instruction practices that occur within a syllabus, how these can be characterized, and how caliber dogma can be achieved and maintained. a. Teaching Model and Principles This book has emphasized the computer programme as a ne devilrk of interacting system involving instructor, learners, materials, school, decision maker, and curriculum planners, and extracts ay one ask aim affect opposite elements in the system. Thus the choice of a divisionicular curriculum philosophy or ideology implies a particular model of instruction.Roberts (1998, 103) comp ares two dogma models implicit in many spoken communication program the operative model and the problem problem-solving model ? Operative is model the instructor is restricted to confluence the requirements of a centralized system, such as the delivery of a textbook as planned, to a set timescale. Such as limited role, limited to that of curriculum transmission, implies training objectives based of mastery of a set of competencies determined by the centralized syllabus. ? Problem solver is model a decentralized curriculum gives instructors greater autonomy in making educational decisions.A diversified teacher to adapted to diagnose problems and adapt materials and design original acquisition activities. The former can viewed as a teaching model compatible with a mechanistic model of organization design and the latter to the organic model. In language teaching programs, teaching models are often based on particular methods or approaches. For example The communicative approach the focus of teaching is authentic communication extensive go for is made of pair and group activities that involve negotiation of meaning and information sharing.Fluency is a priority. The cooperative learning model students work in cooperative learning situations and are boost to work in concert on common task and to coordinate their efforts to perfect(a) task. Rewa rds system in group The shape approach In penning classes, student take part in activities that develop their understanding of writing as a process. The whole-language approach Students are taught to read and write naturally, with a focus on real communication, authentic texts and reading and writing for pleasure.Rather than drawing approach or method, the teaching model in a program in a program may be based on a coherent set of participles that reflect how teaching and learning should be approached. This is the teaching philosophy of the program and serves as the basis for decisions about classroom methodology. Articulating a teaching philosophy in this delegacy can help clarify decision relating to choice of classroom activities, materials, and teacher evaluation.In the case of a teaching model that is based on an existing teaching model such as communicative language teaching, the philosophy and principles of the model are accepted as givens teachers are expected to be f amiliar with them and to put the principles into practice. Teacher teaching in antithetical bearings. nonetheless thought two teachers work toward identical goals they may choose different ways of dismountting there. Teachers bring to teaching their own personal beliefs and principles and these help to report for how they teach.Teachers principles are a product of their experience, their training and their beliefs. Bellows are the example of teacher principles cited by Breen are selectively focus on the form of the language selectively focus on vocabulary or meaning enable the learners to use the language address learners mental-processing capacities make the new language familiar and manageable observe learner progress and provide feedback facilitate learner responsibility manage the lesson and the group b. Maintaining Good Teaching Quality teaching cant simply be untrue to happen.It results from an active, ongoing effort on the part of teachers and administrators to ensure that impregnable teaching practices are being maintained. This involved the establishment of shared commitment to quality teaching and the selection of appropriate measures to bring it about. The following are strategies that address this issue. 1. Monitoring Information trains to be collected regularly on all dioramas of the program to set out how teacher are teaching the campaign, what is working well or proving difficult and what issues teachers need to resolve.Monitoring can take place through egg and informal mechanism such as group meetings, written reports, classroom visit, and students evaluations. 2. Observation Regular observation of teachers by other teachers or supervisors can provide positive feedback on teaching as well as help identify areas that might need attention. Observation may, but need non, involve evaluation. Peer observation can as well be used to enable teachers to share approaches and teaching strategies. This might include information on h ow students complete a learning activity or the type and frequency or questions the teacher uses.Teacher can also make use of self observation to protrude what it tells them about their teaching. 3. Identification and resolution of problems Timely identification of problems in a program is essential to ensure that small problems do not develop into larger ones. Good communication systems can help ensure that problems are brought to the attention of teachers or supervisors for timely resolutions. 4. Shared planning Teachers often work in isolation and do not always bring the opportunities to benefit from the collective expertise of their fellows.One way to avoid this is to build on opportunities for collaborative planning, as when teachers work together in pairs or groups on course planning, material information and lesson planning. During the process of planning, potential problems can often be identified and resolved. 5. Documentation and sharing of good practices A great dea l of excellent teaching goes on in schools, but much of it is known only to individual teachers or supervisors. Teachers should be encouraged to report on their positive teaching experiences.For example, teacher might write short case accounts of a successful course they taught and share them with other teachers or post them in the Internet. They could write short articles for an in-house newsletter or teacher magazine. Classes can be video-recorded to provide input to workshops or teaching-training sessions. Meetings or mini-conferences can be consistent in which teachers report on classroom innovations or other activities they wish to share with colleagues. 6. Self-study of the program Self-study involves a study of a programs practices and values as part of the process of self-evaluation and review.It is part of the process of demonstrating a commitment to quality and to long-term goals and captain development. A self-study should be undertaken every three to five years and inv olves teachers, administrator, and students in a process of examining all aspect of a schools operations (Kelly 1988) self-study involves a study of a programs practices and values as part of the process of self-evaluation and review. It is part of the process of demonstrating a commitment to quality and to long-term goals and professional development.A self-study should be undertaken every three to five years and involves teachers, administrator, and students in a process of examining all aspect of a schools operations (Kelly 1988). c. Evaluating Teaching If a program seeks to provide quality teaching, it is essential that teachers performance be regularly reviewed. An estimate system may have several different aspires To reward teachers for good performance To help identify needs for further training To reinforce the need for continuous staff development To help improve teaching To provide a basis contract renewal and promotion To demonstrate an interest in teachers perform ance and development The purpose of the appraisal will determine the type of appraisal that is carried out. 1. Developing the appraisal system An appraisal system is likely to have greater credibility if it represents some(prenominal) teachers and administrators views. It should therefore be produced collaboratively and represent all point of view. However, any appraisal system needs to recognize that there is no single correct way conduct of teaching. Teacher have different styles of teaching, and two teachers may conduct their classes very differently yet both be excellent teachers.Therefore, criteria for the complexity of teaching as well as the fact that it is a uniquely individual activity. In language teaching, there are no universally accepted criteria for assessing teacher effectiveness and several different kind of appraisal approaches are used. Criteria are chiefly established on an institutional basis, drawing on general principles for teacher effectiveness and agents specific to the type of program in which the teacher work. Murdoch (1997) contains a questionnaire designed to the perceived qualities and competencies of good English teacher, and organized according to three areas. .The focus of appraisal Although appraisal usually involves observation of a teacher teaching one or more classes, the focus of appraisal may include a number of other aspects of a teachers work, such as a. Lesson plans b. Teacher-made classroom materials c. Course outlines and handouts d. Class assignments e. Participation in profession development activities 3. Conducting the appraisal A teaching appraisal may be carried out by a supervisor, a colleague, the teacher himself or herself, or students. Appraisal by a supervisor supervisor often assume the role of appraiser, though many teacher find that they prefer appraisal to be carried by someone other than a supervisor.The presence of a supervisor in the classroom may inhibit the teacher from performing to his or her best. In addition, if the supervisor is largely an administrator rather than a classroom teacher, he or she may not have a good understanding of the classroom situation, resulting in misperceptions about different aspect of the lesson. In order to provide some consistency to appraisals, checklists are often used. Appraisal by a colleague peer appraisal is generally less threatening for a teacher than appraisal by a colleague and may result in more constructive feedback. A colleague will often have a better understanding of the difficulties a teacher faces and perhaps be able to suggest useful easy of addressing them. Self-appraisal teacher themselves are often in a good position to assess their own teacher and self-appraisal is perhaps the threatening form of teacher assessment. Self-appraisal may take a variety of forms o Lesson reports The teacher may use structured descriptions of a lesson whit an evaluation of each component. Teaching journal The teacher make unnecessary a regular journal about his or her class, and describe and reflect on different aspects of planning and teaching the course. o Audio/video arrangement The teacher may record a number of lesson of his or her class or arrange to have someone else record them, review the recordings, and comment on the strengths or weaknesses of the lesson. o Student appraisal Student are in a good position to assess the effectiveness of teaching, although the extent to which they are able to do so depends on the type of feedback instrument they are given.Although students often critical, they usually have a good sense of whether a teacher prepares his or her lesson, teacher relevant content, provides lesson that are engaging, relevant and at an appropriate level of difficulty. 4. THE LEARNING PROCESS Learning is not the mirror image of teaching. The extent to which teaching achieves its goals will also dependent on how successfully learners have been considered in the planning and delivery process. Th e following factors may affect how successfully a course is received by learners. .Understanding of the course Understanding of the course very important to ensure the learners understanding to the goals of the course, the reason for the way it is organized and taught, and the approaches to learning they will be encouraged to take. b. View of learning Learners enter a course with their own views of teaching and learning and these may not be identical to those of their teachers. Al Corso and Kalantzis (1985) form that teacher rates the usefulness of ommunicative activities highly, whereas their learners tended to favor more traditional activities such as grammar exercises, copying written material, memorizing, and drill work. Course may assume a variety of different learner roles, such as Manager of his or her own learning Independent learner Need analyst Collaborator and squad member Peer tutor c. Learning Style Learning styles may be an important factor in the success of teac hing and may not necessarily reflect those that teachers recommended. In a study of the learning style, Willing found four different learner types such as Concrete learners These learners preferent learning by games, picture, films and video, fetching in pairs, learning through the use of cassettes, and going on excursions Analytical learners These learners liked examine grammar, studying English books, studying alone, finding their own mistakes, having problems to work on, and learning through reading newspapers Communicative learnersThis group liked to learn by observing and listening to native speakers, taking to friends in English, watching TV in English, learning English words by hearing them and learning by conversations Authority-oriented learners These students liked the teacher to explain everything, writing everything in a notebook, having their own textbook, learning to read, studying grammar, and learning English words by seeing them d. Motivation Beside of learning style, motivations also important to find out what the learners motivations are for taking the course. e. Support Support mechanism provided for learners are another component of course delivery. These include the kinds of feedback learners will get about their learning and opportunities that are provided for faster or slower learners.CONCLUSION In this paper we are discussed about providing for effective teaching which have four factors, which are ? Institutional factors Institutional factor has correlation about the institution organizational, institutional quality, good internal communication between administrator and the teacher also professional teacher and opportunities for developing teachers ability. ? Teacher factors Teacher factor discuss about teacher skill and qualification, the aspect for supporting teacher to do their responsibility. ? Teaching factorsTeaching process is the way to monitoring process teaching-learning based on the model and principle which chosen by i ts institution, than maintenance when found the error process and also evaluating teaching. ? Learners factors The last factor to achieve quality teaching is learner factor. Learner factor is the way to know what the learner need, how to choose the appropriate learning style, giving motivation and also support to the pupils REFERENCE Jack C. Richards. 2001. Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press

Dehumanization in All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

In All Quiet on the Western Front by Enrique Maria Remarque, the endorser follows Paul Baumer as he stir ups through World War I and discovers the trials of being a soldier. As they survive through the war with each other(a), Paul and the other soldiers began to understand certain realities of life. Going into the field of study teenagers, the soldiers come out as old men, burdened with their experiences. The war, meant to glorify Germany and turn its men into heroes, deadens and dehumanizes Paul and the other soldiers until they cant recognize themselves. As soldiers, Paul and his friends atomic number 18 treated with comminuted care.Their superiors act as if they are animals, replaceable and expendable because there are so many of them, and they hold so little power by themselves. Although tho teenagers, these soldiers have had to grow up quickly in order to fight for their apparently insignificant lives. It is said that they are the Iron Youth (21). By describing the soldie rs as Iron, Paul expresses how such(prenominal) the war has changed them. Iron, which can be interpreted both literally and figuratively, is a strong metal that covers a lot of the Earth as well as residing in its core.Therefore, with the soldiers described as iron, they are referred to as replaceable, expendable, and abundant in numbers. Also, iron can be used to describe some 1 who is determined, tough, and strong, masking how much these 19 year old soldiers have had to grow up in order to stick by alive in the war. They lost their childhood, aging into old men because of the devastation and experiences theyve encountered. And slowly, as their childhood goes, their generosity and liveliness leaves as well.The more the soldiers are treated like cattle, disposable and soulless, the faster they regress. Remarque often uses woman chaser imagery to describe the soldiers at war, showing their relapse into animals while on the battlefield. We have become incorrect beasts. We do not fight, we defend ourselves against annihilation. It is not against men that we fling our bombs, what we do know of men in this moment in which death is hunting us down we can destroy and kill, to bring through ourselves, to save ourselves and be revenged (73).By using beast imagery, Remarque shows how the emotions of he soldiers are stripped away until they are only left with the instinct to do anything to stay alive. They fight not against other men, but other beasts as well, for deep down, all soldiers are the same, fighting for their comrades and for themselves instead of for their country. Just as men do beasts, final stage hunts the soldiers on the battlefield, chasing after them as they become animals replaceable, expendable, and superfluous. part the private soldier is extraneous, many men experience up the armies that fight wars.Most often, Remarque describes how these many soldiers change mentally because of the war by describing how these men physically come together to form a fighting company, Remarque shows just how much the war has changed them. Farther on, the overcloud ends. Here the heads become figures coats, trousers, and boots appear out of mist as from a milky pool. They become a column. individuals are no longer recognizable. a column not men at all (57). The column that Remarque uses to describe the soldiers shows how they are the support that holds the military up.Without the columns of soldiers, the lieutenants, generals, and other leaders in the soldiers would be insignificant because they would have no inferiors and not enough men to fight a war. The individual soldier is irrelevant, too. He has no power on his own, because men do not fight wars. Armies do. When one soldier falls, another takes his place without second thought, as if an automaton or a well-trained dog. They follow orders without questions, and at long last the soldier can no longer comprehend the man he used to be originally the war, because they have lost all personality and individuality.They have become blank, same, and dehumanized, more beastly with every daylight at the front. By the end of the war, the soldiers that returned to Germany are unrecognizable. They have fought like animals, run from Death, and seen so many horrors. While they went to war to be heroes, to fight for their country, the soldiers came back broken and empty, only shells of their former selves. They have regressed slowly, losing the will to live, and ever-changing until they cant recognize themselves.

Comparison between cat and human skeleton Essay

At graduation glance, it might look as if in that respect are very few similarities between a mankind skeleton and a cat skeleton, However, when you look a little deeper, you find many similarities in shape, body structure and function. Evolution has shaped the cat as a hunter and predator. Everything about a cat has been organize to shape a leathal, agile fighting animal. In contrast, the skeletons of humans begin formed to provide military force and stability. There are many similarities between the modern-day cats and humans. Like nearly every land mammal, two cats and humans have a well-formed skull and jaw, a vertebral column and four appendages. The most unequivocal difference between a cat and human skeleton is the size. At nearly 20 measure the size of the average domestic cat, a human is a lot larger and way to a greater extent powerful. Humans are built to walk on two legs.Therefore, their hips and back osmium are shaped frequently differently and are often more solid than those of the four legged feline. Although humans are much larger, a cat has roughly 250 drum in its skeleton, compared to the 206 bones of the human skeleton. The extra bones in the cats skeleton are found mainly in the backbone, which gives the cat its extra tractableness and agility. A cat has 52 or 53 vertebrae humans have 32 to 34. These extra bones are spaced out and have more padding, giving the cat flexibility and the ability to twist, unfreeze and spring. Humans have collarbones, while cats do not. However, cats do have a free-floating set of bones in their shoulders that allow them to squeeze into tight spaces.In both cats and humans, the skeleton provides the same basic set of functions. Because of the engrossment and hardness of bone, the skeleton provides the rigid framework to which other body sy foundations attach. The skeleton determines the basic shape of a body. The skeleton also serves as protection for vital organs, such as the brain, heart and lun gs. Because of the structure of the skeleton, it is the buttocks of all movement. Functioning as an attachment point for all muscles, the skeleton serves as a serial publication of levers and pulleys to push and pull the body into place. Far from being dead, the skeleton houses tons of things that help with production. Human bone marrow produces millions of red blood cells a second, and forms thebasis of the immune system. The skeleton of both cats and humans acts as a storage facility for minerals, such as calcium and phosphate.In the end, cats and humans may reckon different but we have more in common than you might think. Stem cells are cells that mint grow to become almost any type of cell in your body. They can be taken from different parts of your body and put to use wherever theyre needed. Since they are your own cells there is no chance of rejection. There are two types of stem cells, Adult Stem Cells (somatic stem cells) and embryotic Stem Cells. Adult Stem Cells can co me from the umbilical cord or cells found in bone marrow. Embryonic Stem Cells come from undifferentiated inner mass cells of a blastocyst. These cells are pluripotent, which inwardness they can grow into any cell in your body.Stem cells are able to repair governance fiber. Tests on rats have been proved successful. Scientists are trying to figure out how to make stem cells more potent. Experimental surgery has helped thousands on their quest to better health. Umbilical cord blood can be used just the same as regular stem cells. Stem cells can also be used to repair cardiac tissue after a major heart attack. Stem cells have endless potential with very low risk. I think you should be able to receive stem cells if you want. Anyone who needs it should have them readily available. There is basically zero risk and tons of benefit. Stem cells should be used by everyone.

The Long Telegrams Impact on the Truman Doctrine

pThe long Telegram and Its impact on the Truman teaching George Kennans long conducting wire had many impacts on the American foreign policy. Its influence can be seen directly through the Truman Doctrine in 1947. The Long Telegram influenced Trumans doctrine of containment, and it opened the eyes of many Washington officials as to how insecurityous the Soviets and more specific anyy communism was. George Kennans Long Telegram was a reply as to why the Soviets werent supporting the World Bank and the International Money Fund.At the time, theAmerican view of theSoviet was friendly, yet cautious because theSoviets had beenallied with the US inWWII. The long telegram, which wasreleased to the public in 1947, basically created the behind on which the Cold War stood from the US point of view. By claiming that the Soviets were completely against capitalism, would side with Marxists, and separated from reality, Kennan pose up a standard system of beliefsthat the US would follow through out the Cold War, and even gave ideas as to how to combat the Soviets if need be.The Long Telegram gave the US clear reason to consider war with Russia inevitable. It fostered throw out fear in America of the Soviets by talkingabout howRussia couldnt be trusted and heavy(p) lengths should be taken to ensure the absence of Soviets and their influencein America. The Truman Doctrine was a contribution do to foreign policy by Harry Truman in 1947, after the Long Telegram had come into being. Truman declared, variety of like Wilsons Moral Diplomacy, that it was the US duty to spread democracy and battle communism.Truman asked Congress to range aid to Greece and Turkey. After being ravaged by Germany in WWII,Greece had been about to lose aid from massive Britain Turkey had also depended greatly on the help of the US and Britain. The US wouldhave beenin danger of losing power over the Soviets and in Europe and Asia had Russia gained the two countries. This proves that what George Ken nan wrote helped Truman realize that he needed to help other(a) nations and create the foreign policy.Kennans telegram greatly impacted many other aspects of the Truman doctrine, for example the truman Doctrine all but promised that the United States would resist any Soviet expansion. This refects Kennans advise that the United States must cautiously choose its points of resistance. Kennans notion of containment which was expressed in the Long Telegram was also illustrartes in the Truman Doctrine. George Kennans writings animate America and thanks to the Long Telegram and the Truman Doctrine, America opened their eyes and did what was necessary to not exit themselves to be over ruled by the soviets.

How far had Mussolini achieved his aims in domestic policy by 1939? Essay

In order to assess how Mussolini achieved his prey in house servantated policy, ace must traced back to the moment when he first became the prime attend in 1922. While the timeline is important to know, the central role of World War 1 must similarly be considered. The aftermath of World War 1 had ravaged Italys political situation the most, coat the way for Mussolini to appear and create a Fascism democracy as Italy was desperate for a saviour to fork up her, combined with Mussolinis opportunistic and charismatic personalities, he had a high chance in achieving his domestic policies victorfully.In his first year as prime minister, Musollini hold very limited power and non to say, he was leading a coalition government which the Fascist party represented the least rank in the parliament. Coalition government can be seen as undesirable and most of the parties would want to head off it since it was an obstacle to achieve its aim. He therefore needed to alter this unfavourable circumstance decisively and conservatively to take control of the parliament as a means to establish a totalitarian state which was the core in his domestic policy. In the totalitarian ideology basis, the supremacy over the individual rights of its citizens shouldnt be questioned as the popular Fascism slogan stated, Everything within the State, nothing against the State, nothing outside the State.. This means liberalism was seen as the national enemy.In his domestic view, Mussolini saw that by having a liberal mind, people would soon flabby out their opinions and soon, his dictatorship would be in the stage of shattering. Moreover, this point serves as the basic foundation in the early years of totalitarianism in Italy as he needed to constraint the citizens mind forward enforcing his totalitarianism rule. Mussolini also rekindled his relationship with the Roman Catholic Church as religion plays a fundamental role in the Italians daily manners and also the world as the Vatica n was the nucleus of the Christian world. Hence, he won major supports from the citizens and was able to prevent revolution for the time being. This successful domestic policy of his preceded his fascism envisage state.In addition, we must consider the fact that the establishment Acerbo Law of 1923 by Mussolini provides as a nib to make way for the Fascist to control the parliament. Appropriately, Mussolini hold an election in 1924 to make his government more legal and also to ensure Fascist Party control in the parliament. Two thirds of the seats in parliament will be given to the party who won in the election and consequently, there was a sense of unfairness and discrimination in this case.The opposition party had every reason to be concern as this will made the administration even more corrupted than before and illegitimate, however, Mussolini cleverly manipulated the unit of measurement situation for his own good. Mateotti crisis was a clear illustration of it that he manag ed to kill two birds in one stone. Besides crushing his main political opponent, he also used this incident to send as a warning to the other opposition parties if they went against the Fascist. This may explained why Aventine Secession soon followed. Even though Mussolini kept saying that he was not involved in the crime, most of the historians agreed that he very was part of it. Since he wanted to create a fascism state, mostly his domestic policy may derived from his wish. Historians may see his domestic policy as harsh and unjust but it is effective in ceasing exacting power in the Italys parliament.Another significant piece of evidence to show how far did Mussolini achieved his domestic policy is the fact that Mussolini had intruded into the Italians daily life considerably. The press censorship stands as one of the key rule of totalitarian ideology and so, the Fascist implemented the complete monopoly of all means of communications. Again, this is to ensure the citizens wo nt have the freedom of speech and have the chance to exercise their liberal mind. If the press media were to air, the materials must be related about the glory of Fascism. Not to say, Mussolinis cult of personality was promoted even further as children in schools were taught to think that Mussolini is always right and his pictures were everywhere in Italy.People were also instructed to stand and racket at the mere moment of hearing Mussolinis list. Ethically, Mussolini had changed peoples usual life in particular the younger generation because their minds are easy to be brainwashed and they also held a massive find out in the Italys society that can shape Italy in the future. That is exactly what Mussolini was thinking about by implementing his unethical domestic policy. In some circumstances, it can be said as a success but only for a short period of time as Mussolini was overthrown in 1943. Thereby his domestic policy is successful, only to a certain extent in which he was abl e to manipulate the Italians life.In conclusion, to a large extent, Mussolini was successful in carrying out his domestic policy and he had carved his name as one of the most formidable politicians in Italys history. While Italys messy train enables Mussolini to execute his domestic policy smoothly, his military background should also be considered. As he was a veteran of World War I, he knew how to appeal to the people as they just survived from the great war, modify their nationalism even more. Thereby, it is because of his pragmatic and manipulative approach as well as his personal life experience that enabled Mussolini to achieve his domestic policy successfully.

Transformational Writing

Transformational Writing The men Jerked to the floor, all social barriers destroyed by the capricious constitution of death. Privates and Generals alike squirmed in the filth, their searching hands smothering soft pink flesh, fearing the deathly tunnel of a bullet. Jack flopped, limp like a fish. His face buried itself into the dirt and broke the ironical crust his chin tunnelling into the sticky layer below, gaping like an move over wound. He heard the circumscribe party strike the floor their contents spilling out into the mud.He heard a rasping moan flight of steps Evans lips, his shoulder thumping the fire step awkwardly. He heard the cries of men and the guffaw of a crow, pesky the senseless carnage. And then silence. The dominoes had fallen. Jack wrapped his hands approximately his head, nuzzling his face into the mud as a baby would a bosom seeking the protection of thick underground earthy walls and for a moment he forgot about the war, he forgot about Evans and Shaw and Weir and instead he was sat at crime syndicate with Margaret, chair pulled up by Johns bed, drinking in his sons face running his hands through his umbrageous hair.The promise he had made Margaret echoed in his mind, her mature features thick with concern glazed over im, l am going t surivive this bloody war, Im gonna go home and look after my wife and were gonna grow obsolescent together and on sundays well visit Johns grave and He remembered the misplaced Sandbags. Gingergly he raised his head, others were stirring around him.Weirs broken body lay sprawled in the filth, his arms splaying at odd angles, dirt swimming into his open mouth, infecting every pore. Sir Jack hissed, Its 0k, the boche missed. No reply. Sir No reply. Now on his feet, Jack edged his way towards Weir, commando style in he dirt, his eyes flashing nervously towards the missing sandbags. Weir mud splattered his face, his elbows running(a) with vigour.Blood pumped from the exit wound in the back of Weirs head, saturating his neck and tunic. His soft cap lay forget in the dirt, blown off the balding head. Jack moaned. Cradling his captains body in his arms he called for help, individual get me a medic, he must have fallen unconcious Evans, Fielding and Jones gazed at the pair with a sorrowful expression. Its Just a scratch Jack cried in answer to the now congealing blood, Just a scratch By bighame

The Spread Of Nuclear Weapons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Spread Of atomic Weapons - Essay Example(Waltz, 1981)Nuclear weapons had played a full of life role during the cold war. When the cold war had ended in late 1980s and the early 1990s, in that location was a sense of relief as a great threat to the world was over. However, right subsequently that, the idea that the acception of thermonuclear weapons by some country might lead to the spread of nuclear technology in the world did worry people. People believed that this might lead to great destruction and damage to world if the usage became common, thus, making the world a dangerous place to live in. (Sir Laurence Martin)Defense - approximately every nation in todays world is under threat by one or the former(a) nation for various reasons, example political, resources, history and religion. Every civilian needs the head of state to shorten responsibility of their bail and to let peace prevail. State security requires a good military forcefulness and arsenal, so that if it is attacked by a rival state, they buttocks fight back and protect their nation and people. Nuclear weapon is although dangerous, still it is a very strong type of weaponry which gives a sense of security that fighting back will not be a problem at all.Prestige - In the post cold war world, only very strong nations such as the UK, USA, France, Russia and China possess nuclear weapons. Being a part of the nuclear block and becoming a nuclear king is a matter of pride, as you argon then counted among the few dominant states of the world. For example, India and Pakistan wanted to join the nuclear club because they wanted to be declared as independent states that would stand up against their adversary without fear. disincentive - Simply any person ruling a state that does not possess nuclear cause would think a million times before attacking a state that has nuclear power. Or if both rival states possess nuclear power, both would know that their opponent is equally potent, and if nu clear weapons are used to settle the dispute, the world will face major destruction. For example, India and Pakistan have been on hostile cost for a long time now and have also had many wars with other another but ever since both of them became nuclear powers, they dont even consider attacking the other, as they know that they will be answered back with a nuclear attack too. Thus, it can be said, that nuclear power brings about Balance of Terror in the world.Disadvantages of Nuclear PowerHazardous - The abbreviations MAD and WMD are often attached to nuclear weapons, which stand for Mutually Assured Destruction and Weapons of bus Destruction respectively. It is common knowledge that nuclear weapons are extremely destructible, so much that alone Russias nuclear weapons can destroy the world three to four times. The incident of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is a very appropriate example to assign the extent of annihilation that can be caused by nuclear weapons. Compellent - If a nations r ival becomes a nuclear power, it is an evident threat for its rivals, as no nation can fight back nuclear weapons apply conventional weapons. This compels one nation to another to take a step towards the possession of nuclear weapons. India became a nuclear power because it had antagonistic relations with China, which was a nuclear power. Following that, Pakistan became a nuclear

Modeling and guided practice in a literacy lesson Research Paper

Modeling and guided practice in a literacy lesson - Research reputation ExampleFor instance, in a literacy lesson, the teacher may give the learners an example then allow them do an other(a) task to test their experience based on the example. If the pedagog is teaching about verbs, the educator may focus on attaining the learning objective then ask the learners to identify verbs from a tilt of words by sympathizeing them loudly. Through this guided practice McCormack& Pasquarelli (2012) indicate that it is achievable to achieve a great percentage of proficiency from the learners. The learners may then be given a chance for comprehension of what verbs are through silent reading after guided practice by their teachers.Modeling, on the other hand, refers to a demonstration of the thinking procedure (McCormack& Pasquarelli, 2012). This explains the manner in which something is done and why it is done. Through the manikin process, the teacher takes the learner through the learning p rocedure, the demonstration made are explicit, and the students are expected to be actively involved in these demonstrations (McCormack& Pasquarelli, 2012). The authors also argue that in modeling repetition must lead and think aloud statements used (McCormack& Pasquarelli, 2012). This allows the learners get actively involved in comprehension lessons. In a literacy lesson setting, the teacher may focus on aiding the learners think through the ideas of the author as opposed to the exit of the comprehension. This is a good example of self modeling whilst reading the comprehension. If the learners focus on one ideal while reading they are likely to get the concept being portrayed by the author.For a lesson to be successful, it is vital to assess if the learners have comprehended what they have read. According to the American Education create (2012) it is possible to know what a student has read if they are able to recount what they have read in a chronological manner. For